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<title>Async Programming - Wren-CLI Manual</title>
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<div class="version">v0.4.0</div>
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<li><a href="../getting-started/index.html">Overview</a></li>
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<li><a href="../language/index.html">Syntax Overview</a></li>
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<li><a href="../language/control-flow.html">Control Flow</a></li>
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<li><a href="../language/fibers.html">Fibers</a></li>
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<li><a href="index.html">How-To List</a></li>
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<li><a href="http-requests.html">HTTP Requests</a></li>
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<li><a href="json-parsing.html">JSON Parsing</a></li>
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<li><a href="regex-patterns.html">Regex Patterns</a></li>
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<li><a href="async-operations.html" class="active">Async Operations</a></li>
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<span class="separator">/</span>
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<a href="index.html">How-To Guides</a>
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<span class="separator">/</span>
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<span>Async Operations</span>
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</nav>
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<article>
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<h1>Async Programming</h1>
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<p>Wren-CLI uses fibers for concurrent operations. Understanding fibers is key to writing efficient async code.</p>
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<h2>Create a Fiber</h2>
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<pre><code>var fiber = Fiber.new {
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System.print("Hello from fiber!")
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}
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fiber.call()</code></pre>
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<h2>Fibers with Return Values</h2>
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<pre><code>var fiber = Fiber.new {
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return 42
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}
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var result = fiber.call()
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System.print("Result: %(result)") // 42</code></pre>
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<h2>Sleep/Delay</h2>
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<pre><code>import "timer" for Timer
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System.print("Starting...")
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Timer.sleep(1000) // Wait 1 second
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System.print("Done!")</code></pre>
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<h2>Sequential HTTP Requests</h2>
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<pre><code>import "http" for Http
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var r1 = Http.get("https://api.example.com/1")
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var r2 = Http.get("https://api.example.com/2")
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var r3 = Http.get("https://api.example.com/3")
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System.print(r1.json)
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System.print(r2.json)
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System.print(r3.json)</code></pre>
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<h2>Parallel HTTP Requests</h2>
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<pre><code>import "http" for Http
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var urls = [
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"https://api.example.com/1",
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"https://api.example.com/2",
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"https://api.example.com/3"
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]
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var fibers = []
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for (url in urls) {
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fibers.add(Fiber.new { Http.get(url) })
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}
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for (fiber in fibers) {
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fiber.call()
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}
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for (fiber in fibers) {
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System.print(fiber.value)
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}</code></pre>
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<h2>Run Task in Background</h2>
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<pre><code>import "timer" for Timer
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var backgroundTask = Fiber.new {
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for (i in 1..5) {
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System.print("Background: %(i)")
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Timer.sleep(500)
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}
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}
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backgroundTask.call()
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System.print("Main thread continues...")
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Timer.sleep(3000)</code></pre>
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<h2>Wait for Multiple Operations</h2>
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<pre><code>import "http" for Http
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var fetchAll = Fn.new { |urls|
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var results = []
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var fibers = []
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for (url in urls) {
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fibers.add(Fiber.new { Http.get(url) })
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}
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for (fiber in fibers) {
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fiber.call()
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}
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for (fiber in fibers) {
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results.add(fiber.value)
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}
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return results
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}
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var responses = fetchAll.call([
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"https://api.example.com/a",
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"https://api.example.com/b"
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])
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for (r in responses) {
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System.print(r.statusCode)
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}</code></pre>
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<h2>Timeout Pattern</h2>
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<pre><code>import "timer" for Timer
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import "datetime" for DateTime
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var withTimeout = Fn.new { |operation, timeoutMs|
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var start = DateTime.now()
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var result = null
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var done = false
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var workFiber = Fiber.new {
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result = operation.call()
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done = true
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}
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workFiber.call()
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while (!done) {
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var elapsed = (DateTime.now() - start).milliseconds
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if (elapsed >= timeoutMs) {
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Fiber.abort("Operation timed out")
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}
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Timer.sleep(10)
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}
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return result
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}
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var result = withTimeout.call(Fn.new {
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Timer.sleep(500)
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return "completed"
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}, 1000)
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System.print(result)</code></pre>
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<h2>Polling Loop</h2>
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<pre><code>import "timer" for Timer
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import "http" for Http
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var pollUntilReady = Fn.new { |url, maxAttempts|
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var attempts = 0
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while (attempts < maxAttempts) {
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attempts = attempts + 1
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System.print("Attempt %(attempts)...")
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var response = Http.get(url)
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if (response.json["ready"]) {
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return response.json
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}
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Timer.sleep(2000)
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}
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return null
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}
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var result = pollUntilReady.call("https://api.example.com/status", 10)
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if (result) {
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System.print("Ready: %(result)")
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} else {
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System.print("Timed out waiting for ready state")
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}</code></pre>
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<h2>Rate Limiting</h2>
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||||
<pre><code>import "timer" for Timer
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import "http" for Http
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var rateLimitedFetch = Fn.new { |urls, delayMs|
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var results = []
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for (url in urls) {
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var response = Http.get(url)
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results.add(response)
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Timer.sleep(delayMs)
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}
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return results
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}
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var responses = rateLimitedFetch.call([
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"https://api.example.com/1",
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"https://api.example.com/2",
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"https://api.example.com/3"
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], 1000)
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for (r in responses) {
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||||
System.print(r.statusCode)
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}</code></pre>
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||||
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<h2>Producer/Consumer Pattern</h2>
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||||
<pre><code>import "timer" for Timer
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var queue = []
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var running = true
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var producer = Fiber.new {
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for (i in 1..10) {
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queue.add(i)
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System.print("Produced: %(i)")
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Timer.sleep(200)
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}
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running = false
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}
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var consumer = Fiber.new {
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while (running || queue.count > 0) {
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if (queue.count > 0) {
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var item = queue.removeAt(0)
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System.print("Consumed: %(item)")
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}
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Timer.sleep(100)
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}
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}
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||||
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producer.call()
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consumer.call()
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||||
System.print("Done!")</code></pre>
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||||
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||||
<h2>Retry with Exponential Backoff</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "timer" for Timer
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||||
import "http" for Http
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||||
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||||
var retryWithBackoff = Fn.new { |operation, maxRetries|
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||||
var attempt = 0
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||||
var delay = 1000
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||||
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||||
while (attempt < maxRetries) {
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||||
var fiber = Fiber.new { operation.call() }
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||||
var result = fiber.try()
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||||
|
||||
if (!fiber.error) {
|
||||
return result
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||||
}
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||||
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||||
attempt = attempt + 1
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||||
System.print("Attempt %(attempt) failed, retrying in %(delay)ms...")
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||||
Timer.sleep(delay)
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||||
delay = delay * 2
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||||
}
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||||
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||||
Fiber.abort("All %(maxRetries) attempts failed")
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||||
}
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||||
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||||
var response = retryWithBackoff.call(Fn.new {
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||||
return Http.get("https://api.example.com/data")
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||||
}, 3)
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||||
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||||
System.print(response.json)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Concurrent WebSocket Handling</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "websocket" for WebSocket, WebSocketMessage
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||||
import "timer" for Timer
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||||
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||||
var ws = WebSocket.connect("ws://localhost:8080")
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||||
|
||||
var receiver = Fiber.new {
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||||
while (true) {
|
||||
var message = ws.receive()
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||||
if (message == null) break
|
||||
if (message.opcode == WebSocketMessage.TEXT) {
|
||||
System.print("Received: %(message.payload)")
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
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||||
|
||||
var sender = Fiber.new {
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||||
for (i in 1..5) {
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||||
ws.send("Message %(i)")
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||||
Timer.sleep(1000)
|
||||
}
|
||||
ws.close()
|
||||
}
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||||
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||||
receiver.call()
|
||||
sender.call()</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Graceful Shutdown</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "signal" for Signal
|
||||
import "timer" for Timer
|
||||
|
||||
var running = true
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||||
|
||||
Signal.handle("SIGINT", Fn.new {
|
||||
System.print("\nShutting down gracefully...")
|
||||
running = false
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
System.print("Press Ctrl+C to stop")
|
||||
|
||||
while (running) {
|
||||
System.print("Working...")
|
||||
Timer.sleep(1000)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
System.print("Cleanup complete, exiting.")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||||
<div class="admonition-title">Note</div>
|
||||
<p>Wren fibers are cooperative, not preemptive. A fiber runs until it explicitly yields, calls an async operation, or completes. Long-running computations should periodically yield to allow other fibers to run.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||||
<div class="admonition-title">See Also</div>
|
||||
<p>For more on fibers, see the <a href="../language/fibers.html">Fibers language guide</a> and the <a href="../api/scheduler.html">Scheduler module reference</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</article>
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||||
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<footer class="page-footer">
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<a href="file-operations.html" class="prev">File Operations</a>
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<button class="mobile-menu-toggle">Menu</button>
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<div class="container">
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<div class="sidebar-header">
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<h1><a href="../index.html">Wren-CLI</a></h1>
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<div class="version">v0.4.0</div>
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</div>
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<nav class="sidebar-nav">
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<div class="section">
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<span class="section-title">Getting Started</span>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../getting-started/index.html">Overview</a></li>
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<li><a href="../getting-started/installation.html">Installation</a></li>
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<li><a href="../getting-started/first-script.html">First Script</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="section">
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||||
<span class="section-title">Language</span>
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<ul>
|
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<li><a href="../language/index.html">Syntax Overview</a></li>
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<li><a href="../language/classes.html">Classes</a></li>
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||||
<li><a href="../language/methods.html">Methods</a></li>
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||||
<li><a href="../language/control-flow.html">Control Flow</a></li>
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||||
<li><a href="../language/fibers.html">Fibers</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/modules.html">Modules</a></li>
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||||
</ul>
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||||
</div>
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<span class="section-title">API Reference</span>
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||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/index.html">Overview</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/http.html">http</a></li>
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<li><a href="../api/websocket.html">websocket</a></li>
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<li><a href="../api/tls.html">tls</a></li>
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<li><a href="../api/net.html">net</a></li>
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<li><a href="../api/dns.html">dns</a></li>
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<li><a href="../api/env.html">env</a></li>
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<li><a href="../api/signal.html">signal</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/subprocess.html">subprocess</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/sqlite.html">sqlite</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/datetime.html">datetime</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/timer.html">timer</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/io.html">io</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/scheduler.html">scheduler</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/math.html">math</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">Tutorials</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/index.html">Tutorial List</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/http-client.html">HTTP Client</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/websocket-chat.html">WebSocket Chat</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/database-app.html">Database App</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/template-rendering.html">Template Rendering</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/cli-tool.html">CLI Tool</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">How-To Guides</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="index.html">How-To List</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="http-requests.html">HTTP Requests</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="json-parsing.html">JSON Parsing</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="regex-patterns.html">Regex Patterns</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="file-operations.html">File Operations</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="async-operations.html">Async Operations</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="error-handling.html" class="active">Error Handling</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
</aside>
|
||||
<main class="content">
|
||||
<nav class="breadcrumb">
|
||||
<a href="../index.html">Home</a>
|
||||
<span class="separator">/</span>
|
||||
<a href="index.html">How-To Guides</a>
|
||||
<span class="separator">/</span>
|
||||
<span>Error Handling</span>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
<article>
|
||||
<h1>Error Handling</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Wren uses fibers for error handling. The <code>fiber.try()</code> method catches errors without crashing your program.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Basic Try/Catch Pattern</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>var fiber = Fiber.new {
|
||||
Fiber.abort("Something went wrong!")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var result = fiber.try()
|
||||
|
||||
if (fiber.error) {
|
||||
System.print("Error: %(fiber.error)")
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
System.print("Result: %(result)")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Throw an Error</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>Fiber.abort("This is an error message")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Catch Specific Error Types</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>var fiber = Fiber.new {
|
||||
var x = null
|
||||
return x.count // Error: null has no method 'count'
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var result = fiber.try()
|
||||
|
||||
if (fiber.error) {
|
||||
if (fiber.error.contains("null")) {
|
||||
System.print("Null reference error")
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
System.print("Other error: %(fiber.error)")
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Safe File Read</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
var safeRead = Fn.new { |path|
|
||||
var fiber = Fiber.new { File.read(path) }
|
||||
var content = fiber.try()
|
||||
|
||||
if (fiber.error) {
|
||||
return null
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return content
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var content = safeRead.call("config.txt")
|
||||
if (content) {
|
||||
System.print(content)
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
System.print("Could not read file")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Safe JSON Parse</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var safeParse = Fn.new { |jsonStr|
|
||||
var fiber = Fiber.new { Json.parse(jsonStr) }
|
||||
var data = fiber.try()
|
||||
|
||||
if (fiber.error) {
|
||||
System.print("Invalid JSON: %(fiber.error)")
|
||||
return null
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return data
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var data = safeParse.call('{"valid": true}') // Works
|
||||
var bad = safeParse.call('not json') // Returns null</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Safe HTTP Request</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
|
||||
var safeFetch = Fn.new { |url|
|
||||
var fiber = Fiber.new { Http.get(url) }
|
||||
var response = fiber.try()
|
||||
|
||||
if (fiber.error) {
|
||||
return {"error": fiber.error, "ok": false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (response.statusCode >= 400) {
|
||||
return {"error": "HTTP %(response.statusCode)", "ok": false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return {"data": response.json, "ok": true}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var result = safeFetch.call("https://api.example.com/data")
|
||||
if (result["ok"]) {
|
||||
System.print(result["data"])
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
System.print("Error: %(result["error"])")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Input Validation</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>var validateEmail = Fn.new { |email|
|
||||
if (email == null) {
|
||||
Fiber.abort("Email is required")
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (!email.contains("@")) {
|
||||
Fiber.abort("Invalid email format")
|
||||
}
|
||||
return true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var validate = Fn.new { |email|
|
||||
var fiber = Fiber.new { validateEmail.call(email) }
|
||||
fiber.try()
|
||||
return fiber.error
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(validate.call(null)) // Email is required
|
||||
System.print(validate.call("invalid")) // Invalid email format
|
||||
System.print(validate.call("a@b.com")) // null (no error)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Result Type Pattern</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>class Result {
|
||||
construct ok(value) {
|
||||
_value = value
|
||||
_error = null
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
construct error(message) {
|
||||
_value = null
|
||||
_error = message
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
isOk { _error == null }
|
||||
isError { _error != null }
|
||||
value { _value }
|
||||
error { _error }
|
||||
|
||||
unwrap {
|
||||
if (isError) Fiber.abort(_error)
|
||||
return _value
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
unwrapOr(default) { isOk ? _value : default }
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var divide = Fn.new { |a, b|
|
||||
if (b == 0) {
|
||||
return Result.error("Division by zero")
|
||||
}
|
||||
return Result.ok(a / b)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var result = divide.call(10, 2)
|
||||
if (result.isOk) {
|
||||
System.print("Result: %(result.value)")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var bad = divide.call(10, 0)
|
||||
if (bad.isError) {
|
||||
System.print("Error: %(bad.error)")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(divide.call(10, 5).unwrapOr(0)) // 2
|
||||
System.print(divide.call(10, 0).unwrapOr(0)) // 0</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Assert Function</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>var assert = Fn.new { |condition, message|
|
||||
if (!condition) {
|
||||
Fiber.abort("Assertion failed: %(message)")
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var processUser = Fn.new { |user|
|
||||
assert.call(user != null, "User is required")
|
||||
assert.call(user["name"] != null, "User name is required")
|
||||
assert.call(user["age"] >= 0, "Age must be non-negative")
|
||||
|
||||
System.print("Processing %(user["name"])...")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Multiple Error Sources</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var fetchAndParse = Fn.new { |url|
|
||||
var httpFiber = Fiber.new { Http.get(url) }
|
||||
var response = httpFiber.try()
|
||||
|
||||
if (httpFiber.error) {
|
||||
return {"error": "Network error: %(httpFiber.error)"}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (response.statusCode != 200) {
|
||||
return {"error": "HTTP error: %(response.statusCode)"}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var jsonFiber = Fiber.new { Json.parse(response.body) }
|
||||
var data = jsonFiber.try()
|
||||
|
||||
if (jsonFiber.error) {
|
||||
return {"error": "Parse error: %(jsonFiber.error)"}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return {"data": data}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var result = fetchAndParse.call("https://api.example.com/data")
|
||||
if (result.containsKey("error")) {
|
||||
System.print(result["error"])
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
System.print(result["data"])
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Error Logging</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "datetime" for DateTime
|
||||
import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
class Logger {
|
||||
construct new(logFile) {
|
||||
_logFile = logFile
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
log(level, message) {
|
||||
var timestamp = DateTime.now().toString
|
||||
var entry = "[%(timestamp)] [%(level)] %(message)\n"
|
||||
|
||||
var existing = ""
|
||||
var fiber = Fiber.new { File.read(_logFile) }
|
||||
existing = fiber.try() || ""
|
||||
|
||||
File.write(_logFile, existing + entry)
|
||||
|
||||
if (level == "ERROR") {
|
||||
System.print("ERROR: %(message)")
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
error(message) { log("ERROR", message) }
|
||||
warn(message) { log("WARN", message) }
|
||||
info(message) { log("INFO", message) }
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var logger = Logger.new("app.log")
|
||||
|
||||
var safeDivide = Fn.new { |a, b|
|
||||
if (b == 0) {
|
||||
logger.error("Division by zero: %(a) / %(b)")
|
||||
return null
|
||||
}
|
||||
return a / b
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var result = safeDivide.call(10, 0)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Cleanup with Finally Pattern</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "sqlite" for Sqlite
|
||||
|
||||
var withDatabase = Fn.new { |dbPath, operation|
|
||||
var db = Sqlite.open(dbPath)
|
||||
var result = null
|
||||
var error = null
|
||||
|
||||
var fiber = Fiber.new { operation.call(db) }
|
||||
result = fiber.try()
|
||||
error = fiber.error
|
||||
|
||||
db.close()
|
||||
|
||||
if (error) {
|
||||
Fiber.abort(error)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return result
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var users = withDatabase.call("app.db", Fn.new { |db|
|
||||
return db.execute("SELECT * FROM users")
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(users)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Custom Error Class</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>class AppError {
|
||||
construct new(code, message) {
|
||||
_code = code
|
||||
_message = message
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
code { _code }
|
||||
message { _message }
|
||||
toString { "[%(code)] %(message)" }
|
||||
|
||||
static notFound(resource) {
|
||||
return AppError.new("NOT_FOUND", "%(resource) not found")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static validation(field, reason) {
|
||||
return AppError.new("VALIDATION", "%(field): %(reason)")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static unauthorized() {
|
||||
return AppError.new("UNAUTHORIZED", "Authentication required")
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var findUser = Fn.new { |id|
|
||||
if (id == null) {
|
||||
Fiber.abort(AppError.validation("id", "is required").toString)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var user = null
|
||||
|
||||
if (user == null) {
|
||||
Fiber.abort(AppError.notFound("User %(id)").toString)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return user
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var fiber = Fiber.new { findUser.call(null) }
|
||||
fiber.try()
|
||||
System.print(fiber.error) // [VALIDATION] id: is required</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Retry on Error</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "timer" for Timer
|
||||
|
||||
var retry = Fn.new { |operation, maxAttempts, delayMs|
|
||||
var lastError = null
|
||||
|
||||
for (i in 1..maxAttempts) {
|
||||
var fiber = Fiber.new { operation.call() }
|
||||
var result = fiber.try()
|
||||
|
||||
if (!fiber.error) {
|
||||
return result
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
lastError = fiber.error
|
||||
System.print("Attempt %(i) failed: %(lastError)")
|
||||
|
||||
if (i < maxAttempts) {
|
||||
Timer.sleep(delayMs)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Fiber.abort("All %(maxAttempts) attempts failed. Last error: %(lastError)")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var result = retry.call(Fn.new {
|
||||
return "success"
|
||||
}, 3, 1000)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||||
<div class="admonition-title">Best Practices</div>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>Always wrap external calls (HTTP, file I/O) in fibers</li>
|
||||
<li>Provide meaningful error messages</li>
|
||||
<li>Log errors for debugging</li>
|
||||
<li>Fail fast on programming errors, recover from user errors</li>
|
||||
<li>Clean up resources (close files, connections) even on error</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||||
<div class="admonition-title">See Also</div>
|
||||
<p>For more on fibers, see the <a href="../language/fibers.html">Fibers language guide</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</article>
|
||||
|
||||
<footer class="page-footer">
|
||||
<a href="async-operations.html" class="prev">Async Operations</a>
|
||||
<a href="../index.html" class="next">Home</a>
|
||||
</footer>
|
||||
</main>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script src="../js/main.js"></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<!-- retoor <retoor@molodetz.nl> -->
|
||||
<html lang="en">
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
||||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
||||
<title>File Operations - Wren-CLI Manual</title>
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/style.css">
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<button class="mobile-menu-toggle">Menu</button>
|
||||
<div class="container">
|
||||
<aside class="sidebar">
|
||||
<div class="sidebar-header">
|
||||
<h1><a href="../index.html">Wren-CLI</a></h1>
|
||||
<div class="version">v0.4.0</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<nav class="sidebar-nav">
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">Getting Started</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../getting-started/index.html">Overview</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../getting-started/installation.html">Installation</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../getting-started/first-script.html">First Script</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../getting-started/repl.html">Using the REPL</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">Language</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/index.html">Syntax Overview</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/classes.html">Classes</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/methods.html">Methods</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/control-flow.html">Control Flow</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/fibers.html">Fibers</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/modules.html">Modules</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">API Reference</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/index.html">Overview</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/http.html">http</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/websocket.html">websocket</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/tls.html">tls</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/net.html">net</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/dns.html">dns</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/json.html">json</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/base64.html">base64</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/regex.html">regex</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/jinja.html">jinja</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/crypto.html">crypto</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/os.html">os</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/env.html">env</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/signal.html">signal</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/subprocess.html">subprocess</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/sqlite.html">sqlite</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/datetime.html">datetime</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/timer.html">timer</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/io.html">io</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/scheduler.html">scheduler</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/math.html">math</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">Tutorials</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/index.html">Tutorial List</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/http-client.html">HTTP Client</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/websocket-chat.html">WebSocket Chat</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/database-app.html">Database App</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/template-rendering.html">Template Rendering</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/cli-tool.html">CLI Tool</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">How-To Guides</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="index.html">How-To List</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="http-requests.html">HTTP Requests</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="json-parsing.html">JSON Parsing</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="regex-patterns.html">Regex Patterns</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="file-operations.html" class="active">File Operations</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="async-operations.html">Async Operations</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="error-handling.html">Error Handling</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
</aside>
|
||||
<main class="content">
|
||||
<nav class="breadcrumb">
|
||||
<a href="../index.html">Home</a>
|
||||
<span class="separator">/</span>
|
||||
<a href="index.html">How-To Guides</a>
|
||||
<span class="separator">/</span>
|
||||
<span>File Operations</span>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
<article>
|
||||
<h1>File Operations</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Read Entire File</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
var content = File.read("document.txt")
|
||||
System.print(content)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Write to File</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
File.write("output.txt", "Hello, World!")
|
||||
System.print("File written!")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Append to File</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
var existing = File.exists("log.txt") ? File.read("log.txt") : ""
|
||||
File.write("log.txt", existing + "New line\n")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Check if File Exists</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
if (File.exists("config.txt")) {
|
||||
System.print("Config found")
|
||||
var content = File.read("config.txt")
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
System.print("Config not found, using defaults")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Get File Size</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
var size = File.size("data.bin")
|
||||
System.print("File size: %(size) bytes")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Copy File</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
File.copy("source.txt", "destination.txt")
|
||||
System.print("File copied!")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Rename/Move File</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
File.rename("old_name.txt", "new_name.txt")
|
||||
System.print("File renamed!")
|
||||
|
||||
File.rename("file.txt", "subdir/file.txt")
|
||||
System.print("File moved!")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Delete File</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
if (File.exists("temp.txt")) {
|
||||
File.delete("temp.txt")
|
||||
System.print("File deleted!")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>List Directory Contents</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for Directory
|
||||
|
||||
var files = Directory.list(".")
|
||||
|
||||
for (file in files) {
|
||||
System.print(file)
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Check if Directory Exists</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for Directory
|
||||
|
||||
if (Directory.exists("data")) {
|
||||
System.print("Directory found")
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
System.print("Directory not found")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Create Directory</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for Directory
|
||||
|
||||
if (!Directory.exists("output")) {
|
||||
Directory.create("output")
|
||||
System.print("Directory created!")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Delete Empty Directory</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for Directory
|
||||
|
||||
Directory.delete("empty_folder")
|
||||
System.print("Directory deleted!")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Read File Line by Line</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
var content = File.read("data.txt")
|
||||
var lines = content.split("\n")
|
||||
|
||||
for (line in lines) {
|
||||
if (line.count > 0) {
|
||||
System.print(line)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Process Files in Directory</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File, Directory
|
||||
|
||||
var files = Directory.list("./data")
|
||||
|
||||
for (filename in files) {
|
||||
if (filename.endsWith(".txt")) {
|
||||
var path = "./data/%(filename)"
|
||||
var content = File.read(path)
|
||||
System.print("%(filename): %(content.count) chars")
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Recursive Directory Listing</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File, Directory
|
||||
|
||||
var listRecursive = Fn.new { |path, indent|
|
||||
var items = Directory.list(path)
|
||||
|
||||
for (item in items) {
|
||||
var fullPath = "%(path)/%(item)"
|
||||
System.print("%(indent)%(item)")
|
||||
|
||||
if (Directory.exists(fullPath)) {
|
||||
listRecursive.call(fullPath, indent + " ")
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
listRecursive.call(".", "")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Find Files by Extension</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File, Directory
|
||||
|
||||
var findByExtension = Fn.new { |path, ext|
|
||||
var results = []
|
||||
var items = Directory.list(path)
|
||||
|
||||
for (item in items) {
|
||||
var fullPath = "%(path)/%(item)"
|
||||
|
||||
if (Directory.exists(fullPath)) {
|
||||
var subResults = findByExtension.call(fullPath, ext)
|
||||
for (r in subResults) results.add(r)
|
||||
} else if (item.endsWith(ext)) {
|
||||
results.add(fullPath)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return results
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var wrenFiles = findByExtension.call(".", ".wren")
|
||||
for (file in wrenFiles) {
|
||||
System.print(file)
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Read JSON Configuration</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File
|
||||
import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var loadConfig = Fn.new { |path, defaults|
|
||||
if (!File.exists(path)) {
|
||||
return defaults
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var content = File.read(path)
|
||||
var config = Json.parse(content)
|
||||
|
||||
for (key in defaults.keys) {
|
||||
if (!config.containsKey(key)) {
|
||||
config[key] = defaults[key]
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return config
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var config = loadConfig.call("config.json", {
|
||||
"port": 8080,
|
||||
"debug": false
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
System.print("Port: %(config["port"])")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Save JSON Configuration</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File
|
||||
import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var config = {
|
||||
"database": "app.db",
|
||||
"port": 8080,
|
||||
"debug": true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
File.write("config.json", Json.stringify(config, 2))
|
||||
System.print("Configuration saved!")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Create Backup Copy</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File
|
||||
import "datetime" for DateTime
|
||||
|
||||
var backup = Fn.new { |path|
|
||||
if (!File.exists(path)) {
|
||||
System.print("File not found: %(path)")
|
||||
return null
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var timestamp = DateTime.now().format("\%Y\%m\%d_\%H\%M\%S")
|
||||
var backupPath = "%(path).%(timestamp).bak"
|
||||
|
||||
File.copy(path, backupPath)
|
||||
System.print("Backup created: %(backupPath)")
|
||||
|
||||
return backupPath
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
backup.call("important.txt")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Read User Input</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for Stdin
|
||||
|
||||
System.write("Enter your name: ")
|
||||
var name = Stdin.readLine()
|
||||
|
||||
System.print("Hello, %(name)!")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Interactive Menu</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for Stdin
|
||||
|
||||
System.print("Select an option:")
|
||||
System.print("1. Option A")
|
||||
System.print("2. Option B")
|
||||
System.print("3. Exit")
|
||||
|
||||
System.write("Choice: ")
|
||||
var choice = Stdin.readLine()
|
||||
|
||||
if (choice == "1") {
|
||||
System.print("You selected Option A")
|
||||
} else if (choice == "2") {
|
||||
System.print("You selected Option B")
|
||||
} else if (choice == "3") {
|
||||
System.print("Goodbye!")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Safe File Operations with Error Handling</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
var safeRead = Fn.new { |path|
|
||||
var fiber = Fiber.new { File.read(path) }
|
||||
var result = fiber.try()
|
||||
|
||||
if (fiber.error) {
|
||||
System.print("Error reading %(path): %(fiber.error)")
|
||||
return null
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return result
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var content = safeRead.call("maybe_exists.txt")
|
||||
if (content) {
|
||||
System.print("Content: %(content)")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Calculate Directory Size</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "io" for File, Directory
|
||||
|
||||
var dirSize = Fn.new { |path|
|
||||
var total = 0
|
||||
var items = Directory.list(path)
|
||||
|
||||
for (item in items) {
|
||||
var fullPath = "%(path)/%(item)"
|
||||
|
||||
if (Directory.exists(fullPath)) {
|
||||
total = total + dirSize.call(fullPath)
|
||||
} else if (File.exists(fullPath)) {
|
||||
total = total + File.size(fullPath)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return total
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var size = dirSize.call(".")
|
||||
System.print("Total size: %(size) bytes")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||||
<div class="admonition-title">See Also</div>
|
||||
<p>For full API documentation, see the <a href="../api/io.html">IO module reference</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</article>
|
||||
|
||||
<footer class="page-footer">
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<a href="regex-patterns.html" class="prev">Regex Patterns</a>
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||||
<h1><a href="../index.html">Wren-CLI</a></h1>
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||||
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<span class="section-title">Getting Started</span>
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<li><a href="../getting-started/index.html">Overview</a></li>
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<span class="section-title">API Reference</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/index.html">Overview</a></li>
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/index.html">Tutorial List</a></li>
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||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/http-client.html">HTTP Client</a></li>
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||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/websocket-chat.html">WebSocket Chat</a></li>
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<li><a href="../tutorials/cli-tool.html">CLI Tool</a></li>
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||||
</div>
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||||
<span class="section-title">How-To Guides</span>
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||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="index.html">How-To List</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="http-requests.html" class="active">HTTP Requests</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="json-parsing.html">JSON Parsing</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="regex-patterns.html">Regex Patterns</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="file-operations.html">File Operations</a></li>
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||||
<li><a href="async-operations.html">Async Operations</a></li>
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<span class="separator">/</span>
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||||
<a href="index.html">How-To Guides</a>
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||||
<span class="separator">/</span>
|
||||
<span>HTTP Requests</span>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
<article>
|
||||
<h1>Making HTTP Requests</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Basic GET Request</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.get("https://api.example.com/data")
|
||||
System.print(response.body)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>GET Request with JSON Response</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1")
|
||||
var data = response.json
|
||||
|
||||
System.print("Title: %(data["title"])")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>GET Request with Headers</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.get("https://api.example.com/data", {
|
||||
"Accept": "application/json",
|
||||
"User-Agent": "Wren-CLI/1.0"
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(response.body)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>POST Request with JSON Body</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var data = {
|
||||
"name": "John Doe",
|
||||
"email": "john@example.com"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.post(
|
||||
"https://api.example.com/users",
|
||||
Json.stringify(data),
|
||||
{"Content-Type": "application/json"}
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
System.print("Status: %(response.statusCode)")
|
||||
System.print("Created: %(response.json)")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>PUT Request</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var data = {
|
||||
"id": 1,
|
||||
"name": "Jane Doe",
|
||||
"email": "jane@example.com"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.put(
|
||||
"https://api.example.com/users/1",
|
||||
Json.stringify(data),
|
||||
{"Content-Type": "application/json"}
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
System.print("Updated: %(response.statusCode == 200)")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>DELETE Request</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.delete("https://api.example.com/users/1")
|
||||
System.print("Deleted: %(response.statusCode == 204)")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>PATCH Request</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.patch(
|
||||
"https://api.example.com/users/1",
|
||||
Json.stringify({"email": "newemail@example.com"}),
|
||||
{"Content-Type": "application/json"}
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
System.print("Patched: %(response.statusCode)")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Bearer Token Authentication</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
|
||||
var token = "your-api-token"
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.get("https://api.example.com/protected", {
|
||||
"Authorization": "Bearer %(token)"
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(response.json)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Basic Authentication</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
import "base64" for Base64
|
||||
|
||||
var username = "user"
|
||||
var password = "pass"
|
||||
var credentials = Base64.encode("%(username):%(password)")
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.get("https://api.example.com/protected", {
|
||||
"Authorization": "Basic %(credentials)"
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(response.body)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>API Key Authentication</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.get("https://api.example.com/data", {
|
||||
"X-API-Key": "your-api-key"
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(response.body)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Check Response Status</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.get("https://api.example.com/data")
|
||||
|
||||
if (response.statusCode == 200) {
|
||||
System.print("Success: %(response.json)")
|
||||
} else if (response.statusCode == 404) {
|
||||
System.print("Not found")
|
||||
} else if (response.statusCode >= 500) {
|
||||
System.print("Server error: %(response.statusCode)")
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
System.print("Error: %(response.statusCode)")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Access Response Headers</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.get("https://api.example.com/data")
|
||||
|
||||
System.print("Content-Type: %(response.headers["content-type"])")
|
||||
System.print("All headers: %(response.headers)")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>URL Query Parameters</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.get("https://api.example.com/search?q=wren&limit=10")
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(response.json)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Form URL Encoded POST</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
|
||||
var body = "username=john&password=secret"
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.post(
|
||||
"https://api.example.com/login",
|
||||
body,
|
||||
{"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(response.json)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Download File</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.get("https://example.com/file.txt")
|
||||
|
||||
if (response.statusCode == 200) {
|
||||
File.write("downloaded.txt", response.body)
|
||||
System.print("File downloaded!")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>HTTPS Request</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
|
||||
var response = Http.get("https://secure.example.com/api")
|
||||
System.print(response.body)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Error Handling</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
|
||||
var fiber = Fiber.new {
|
||||
return Http.get("https://api.example.com/data")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var response = fiber.try()
|
||||
|
||||
if (fiber.error) {
|
||||
System.print("Request failed: %(fiber.error)")
|
||||
} else if (response.statusCode >= 400) {
|
||||
System.print("HTTP error: %(response.statusCode)")
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
System.print("Success: %(response.json)")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Retry on Failure</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "http" for Http
|
||||
import "timer" for Timer
|
||||
|
||||
var fetchWithRetry = Fn.new { |url, maxRetries|
|
||||
var attempt = 0
|
||||
while (attempt < maxRetries) {
|
||||
var fiber = Fiber.new { Http.get(url) }
|
||||
var response = fiber.try()
|
||||
|
||||
if (!fiber.error && response.statusCode == 200) {
|
||||
return response
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
attempt = attempt + 1
|
||||
if (attempt < maxRetries) {
|
||||
Timer.sleep(1000 * attempt)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return null
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var response = fetchWithRetry.call("https://api.example.com/data", 3)
|
||||
if (response) {
|
||||
System.print(response.json)
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
System.print("Failed after 3 retries")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||||
<div class="admonition-title">See Also</div>
|
||||
<p>For a complete API client example, see the <a href="../tutorials/http-client.html">HTTP Client Tutorial</a>. For full API documentation, see the <a href="../api/http.html">HTTP module reference</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</article>
|
||||
|
||||
<footer class="page-footer">
|
||||
<a href="index.html" class="prev">How-To List</a>
|
||||
<a href="json-parsing.html" class="next">JSON Parsing</a>
|
||||
</footer>
|
||||
</main>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script src="../js/main.js"></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<!-- retoor <retoor@molodetz.nl> -->
|
||||
<html lang="en">
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
||||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
||||
<title>How-To Guides - Wren-CLI Manual</title>
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/style.css">
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<button class="mobile-menu-toggle">Menu</button>
|
||||
<div class="container">
|
||||
<aside class="sidebar">
|
||||
<div class="sidebar-header">
|
||||
<h1><a href="../index.html">Wren-CLI</a></h1>
|
||||
<div class="version">v0.4.0</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<nav class="sidebar-nav">
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">Getting Started</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../getting-started/index.html">Overview</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../getting-started/installation.html">Installation</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../getting-started/first-script.html">First Script</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../getting-started/repl.html">Using the REPL</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">Language</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/index.html">Syntax Overview</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/classes.html">Classes</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/methods.html">Methods</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/control-flow.html">Control Flow</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/fibers.html">Fibers</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/modules.html">Modules</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">API Reference</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/index.html">Overview</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/http.html">http</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/websocket.html">websocket</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/tls.html">tls</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/net.html">net</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/dns.html">dns</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/json.html">json</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/base64.html">base64</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/regex.html">regex</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/jinja.html">jinja</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/crypto.html">crypto</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/os.html">os</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/env.html">env</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/signal.html">signal</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/subprocess.html">subprocess</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/sqlite.html">sqlite</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/datetime.html">datetime</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/timer.html">timer</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/io.html">io</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/scheduler.html">scheduler</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/math.html">math</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">Tutorials</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/index.html">Tutorial List</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/http-client.html">HTTP Client</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/websocket-chat.html">WebSocket Chat</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/database-app.html">Database App</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/template-rendering.html">Template Rendering</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../tutorials/cli-tool.html">CLI Tool</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">How-To Guides</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="index.html" class="active">How-To List</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="http-requests.html">HTTP Requests</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="json-parsing.html">JSON Parsing</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="regex-patterns.html">Regex Patterns</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="file-operations.html">File Operations</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="async-operations.html">Async Operations</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="error-handling.html">Error Handling</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
</aside>
|
||||
<main class="content">
|
||||
<nav class="breadcrumb">
|
||||
<a href="../index.html">Home</a>
|
||||
<span class="separator">/</span>
|
||||
<span>How-To Guides</span>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
<article>
|
||||
<h1>How-To Guides</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Quick, focused guides that show you how to accomplish specific tasks. Each guide provides working code examples you can copy and adapt for your projects.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="card-grid">
|
||||
<div class="card">
|
||||
<h3><a href="http-requests.html">Making HTTP Requests</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>GET, POST, PUT, DELETE requests with headers, authentication, and error handling.</p>
|
||||
<div class="card-meta">
|
||||
<span class="tag">http</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="card">
|
||||
<h3><a href="json-parsing.html">Working with JSON</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Parse JSON strings, access nested data, create JSON output, and handle errors.</p>
|
||||
<div class="card-meta">
|
||||
<span class="tag">json</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="card">
|
||||
<h3><a href="regex-patterns.html">Using Regular Expressions</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Match, search, replace, and split text with regex patterns.</p>
|
||||
<div class="card-meta">
|
||||
<span class="tag">regex</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="card">
|
||||
<h3><a href="file-operations.html">File Operations</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Read, write, copy, and delete files. Work with directories and paths.</p>
|
||||
<div class="card-meta">
|
||||
<span class="tag">io</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="card">
|
||||
<h3><a href="async-operations.html">Async Programming</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Use fibers for concurrent operations, parallel requests, and timeouts.</p>
|
||||
<div class="card-meta">
|
||||
<span class="tag">fibers</span>
|
||||
<span class="tag">scheduler</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="card">
|
||||
<h3><a href="error-handling.html">Error Handling</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Catch errors with fibers, validate input, and handle edge cases gracefully.</p>
|
||||
<div class="card-meta">
|
||||
<span class="tag">fibers</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>How-To vs Tutorials</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>Tutorials</strong> are learning-oriented. They walk you through building complete applications step by step, introducing concepts gradually.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>How-To Guides</strong> are goal-oriented. They assume you know the basics and need to accomplish a specific task quickly. Each guide focuses on one topic with copy-paste examples.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Quick Reference</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<th>Task</th>
|
||||
<th>Guide</th>
|
||||
<th>Key Functions</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>Fetch data from API</td>
|
||||
<td><a href="http-requests.html">HTTP Requests</a></td>
|
||||
<td><code>Http.get()</code>, <code>response.json</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>Parse JSON string</td>
|
||||
<td><a href="json-parsing.html">JSON Parsing</a></td>
|
||||
<td><code>Json.parse()</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>Validate email format</td>
|
||||
<td><a href="regex-patterns.html">Regex Patterns</a></td>
|
||||
<td><code>Regex.new().test()</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>Read file contents</td>
|
||||
<td><a href="file-operations.html">File Operations</a></td>
|
||||
<td><code>File.read()</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>Run tasks in parallel</td>
|
||||
<td><a href="async-operations.html">Async Operations</a></td>
|
||||
<td><code>Fiber.new { }</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>Handle runtime errors</td>
|
||||
<td><a href="error-handling.html">Error Handling</a></td>
|
||||
<td><code>fiber.try()</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</article>
|
||||
|
||||
<footer class="page-footer">
|
||||
<a href="../tutorials/cli-tool.html" class="prev">CLI Tool</a>
|
||||
<a href="http-requests.html" class="next">HTTP Requests</a>
|
||||
</footer>
|
||||
</main>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script src="../js/main.js"></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<!-- retoor <retoor@molodetz.nl> -->
|
||||
<html lang="en">
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
||||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
||||
<title>Working with JSON - Wren-CLI Manual</title>
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/style.css">
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<button class="mobile-menu-toggle">Menu</button>
|
||||
<div class="container">
|
||||
<aside class="sidebar">
|
||||
<div class="sidebar-header">
|
||||
<h1><a href="../index.html">Wren-CLI</a></h1>
|
||||
<div class="version">v0.4.0</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<nav class="sidebar-nav">
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">Getting Started</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../getting-started/index.html">Overview</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../getting-started/installation.html">Installation</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../getting-started/first-script.html">First Script</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../getting-started/repl.html">Using the REPL</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">Language</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/index.html">Syntax Overview</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/classes.html">Classes</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/methods.html">Methods</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/control-flow.html">Control Flow</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/fibers.html">Fibers</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../language/modules.html">Modules</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section">
|
||||
<span class="section-title">API Reference</span>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/index.html">Overview</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/http.html">http</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/websocket.html">websocket</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/tls.html">tls</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/net.html">net</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/dns.html">dns</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/json.html">json</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/base64.html">base64</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/regex.html">regex</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/jinja.html">jinja</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/crypto.html">crypto</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="../api/os.html">os</a></li>
|
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<li><a href="../api/env.html">env</a></li>
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<li><a href="../api/signal.html">signal</a></li>
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<li><a href="../api/subprocess.html">subprocess</a></li>
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<li><a href="../api/sqlite.html">sqlite</a></li>
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<li><a href="../api/datetime.html">datetime</a></li>
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<li><a href="../api/timer.html">timer</a></li>
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<li><a href="../api/io.html">io</a></li>
|
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<li><a href="../api/scheduler.html">scheduler</a></li>
|
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<li><a href="../api/math.html">math</a></li>
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|
||||
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../tutorials/index.html">Tutorial List</a></li>
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<li><a href="index.html">How-To List</a></li>
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<li><a href="regex-patterns.html">Regex Patterns</a></li>
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<span class="separator">/</span>
|
||||
<a href="index.html">How-To Guides</a>
|
||||
<span class="separator">/</span>
|
||||
<span>JSON Parsing</span>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
<article>
|
||||
<h1>Working with JSON</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Parse JSON String</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var jsonStr = '{"name": "Alice", "age": 30}'
|
||||
var data = Json.parse(jsonStr)
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(data["name"]) // Alice
|
||||
System.print(data["age"]) // 30</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Parse JSON Array</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var jsonStr = '[1, 2, 3, "four", true, null]'
|
||||
var items = Json.parse(jsonStr)
|
||||
|
||||
for (item in items) {
|
||||
System.print(item)
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Access Nested Objects</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var jsonStr = '{"user": {"name": "Bob", "address": {"city": "NYC"}}}'
|
||||
var data = Json.parse(jsonStr)
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(data["user"]["name"]) // Bob
|
||||
System.print(data["user"]["address"]["city"]) // NYC</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Convert Wren Object to JSON</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var data = {
|
||||
"name": "Charlie",
|
||||
"age": 25,
|
||||
"active": true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var jsonStr = Json.stringify(data)
|
||||
System.print(jsonStr) // {"name":"Charlie","age":25,"active":true}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Pretty Print JSON</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var data = {
|
||||
"users": [
|
||||
{"name": "Alice", "age": 30},
|
||||
{"name": "Bob", "age": 25}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var pretty = Json.stringify(data, 2)
|
||||
System.print(pretty)</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Output:</p>
|
||||
<pre><code>{
|
||||
"users": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"name": "Alice",
|
||||
"age": 30
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"name": "Bob",
|
||||
"age": 25
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Check if Key Exists</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var data = Json.parse('{"name": "Alice"}')
|
||||
|
||||
if (data.containsKey("name")) {
|
||||
System.print("Name: %(data["name"])")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (!data.containsKey("age")) {
|
||||
System.print("Age not specified")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Provide Default Values</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var data = Json.parse('{"name": "Alice"}')
|
||||
|
||||
var name = data["name"]
|
||||
var age = data.containsKey("age") ? data["age"] : 0
|
||||
var city = data.containsKey("city") ? data["city"] : "Unknown"
|
||||
|
||||
System.print("%(name), %(age), %(city)")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Iterate Over Object Keys</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var data = Json.parse('{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}')
|
||||
|
||||
for (key in data.keys) {
|
||||
System.print("%(key): %(data[key])")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Iterate Over Array</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var users = Json.parse('[{"name": "Alice"}, {"name": "Bob"}]')
|
||||
|
||||
for (i in 0...users.count) {
|
||||
System.print("%(i + 1). %(users[i]["name"])")
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Modify JSON Data</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var data = Json.parse('{"name": "Alice", "age": 30}')
|
||||
|
||||
data["age"] = 31
|
||||
data["email"] = "alice@example.com"
|
||||
data.remove("name")
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(Json.stringify(data))</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Parse JSON from File</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
var content = File.read("config.json")
|
||||
var config = Json.parse(content)
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(config["setting"])</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Write JSON to File</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
import "io" for File
|
||||
|
||||
var data = {
|
||||
"database": "myapp.db",
|
||||
"port": 8080,
|
||||
"debug": true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
File.write("config.json", Json.stringify(data, 2))</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Handle Parse Errors</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var jsonStr = "invalid json {"
|
||||
|
||||
var fiber = Fiber.new { Json.parse(jsonStr) }
|
||||
var result = fiber.try()
|
||||
|
||||
if (fiber.error) {
|
||||
System.print("Parse error: %(fiber.error)")
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
System.print(result)
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Work with Null Values</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var data = Json.parse('{"name": "Alice", "address": null}')
|
||||
|
||||
if (data["address"] == null) {
|
||||
System.print("No address provided")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var output = {"value": null}
|
||||
System.print(Json.stringify(output)) // {"value":null}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Build JSON Array Dynamically</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var users = []
|
||||
|
||||
users.add({"name": "Alice", "role": "admin"})
|
||||
users.add({"name": "Bob", "role": "user"})
|
||||
users.add({"name": "Charlie", "role": "user"})
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(Json.stringify(users, 2))</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Filter JSON Array</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var users = Json.parse('[
|
||||
{"name": "Alice", "age": 30},
|
||||
{"name": "Bob", "age": 17},
|
||||
{"name": "Charlie", "age": 25}
|
||||
]')
|
||||
|
||||
var adults = []
|
||||
for (user in users) {
|
||||
if (user["age"] >= 18) {
|
||||
adults.add(user)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
System.print("Adults: %(Json.stringify(adults))")</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Transform JSON Data</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var users = Json.parse('[
|
||||
{"firstName": "Alice", "lastName": "Smith"},
|
||||
{"firstName": "Bob", "lastName": "Jones"}
|
||||
]')
|
||||
|
||||
var names = []
|
||||
for (user in users) {
|
||||
names.add("%(user["firstName"]) %(user["lastName"])")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(names.join(", "))</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Merge JSON Objects</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "json" for Json
|
||||
|
||||
var defaults = {"theme": "light", "language": "en", "timeout": 30}
|
||||
var userPrefs = {"theme": "dark"}
|
||||
|
||||
var config = {}
|
||||
for (key in defaults.keys) {
|
||||
config[key] = defaults[key]
|
||||
}
|
||||
for (key in userPrefs.keys) {
|
||||
config[key] = userPrefs[key]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(Json.stringify(config, 2))</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||||
<div class="admonition-title">See Also</div>
|
||||
<p>For full API documentation, see the <a href="../api/json.html">JSON module reference</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</article>
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<article>
|
||||
<h1>Using Regular Expressions</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Test if String Matches Pattern</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var pattern = Regex.new("^hello")
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(pattern.test("hello world")) // true
|
||||
System.print(pattern.test("say hello")) // false</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Find First Match</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var pattern = Regex.new("\\d+")
|
||||
var match = pattern.match("Order 12345 shipped")
|
||||
|
||||
if (match) {
|
||||
System.print(match.text) // 12345
|
||||
System.print(match.start) // 6
|
||||
System.print(match.end) // 11
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Find All Matches</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var pattern = Regex.new("\\d+")
|
||||
var matches = pattern.matchAll("Items: 10, 20, 30")
|
||||
|
||||
for (match in matches) {
|
||||
System.print(match.text)
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 10
|
||||
// 20
|
||||
// 30</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Capture Groups</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var pattern = Regex.new("(\\w+)@(\\w+\\.\\w+)")
|
||||
var match = pattern.match("Contact: alice@example.com")
|
||||
|
||||
if (match) {
|
||||
System.print(match.group(0)) // alice@example.com
|
||||
System.print(match.group(1)) // alice
|
||||
System.print(match.group(2)) // example.com
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Replace Matches</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var pattern = Regex.new("\\bcat\\b")
|
||||
var result = pattern.replace("The cat sat on the cat mat", "dog")
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(result) // The dog sat on the dog mat</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Replace with Callback</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var pattern = Regex.new("\\d+")
|
||||
var result = pattern.replace("a1b2c3", Fn.new { |match|
|
||||
return "[%(match.text)]"
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(result) // a[1]b[2]c[3]</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Split String</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var pattern = Regex.new("[,;\\s]+")
|
||||
var parts = pattern.split("apple, banana; cherry date")
|
||||
|
||||
for (part in parts) {
|
||||
System.print(part)
|
||||
}
|
||||
// apple
|
||||
// banana
|
||||
// cherry
|
||||
// date</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Case Insensitive Matching</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var pattern = Regex.new("hello", "i")
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(pattern.test("Hello World")) // true
|
||||
System.print(pattern.test("HELLO")) // true</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Multiline Matching</h2>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var text = "Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3"
|
||||
var pattern = Regex.new("^Line", "m")
|
||||
|
||||
var matches = pattern.matchAll(text)
|
||||
System.print(matches.count) // 3</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Common Patterns</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Validate Email</h3>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var emailPattern = Regex.new("^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$")
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(emailPattern.test("user@example.com")) // true
|
||||
System.print(emailPattern.test("invalid-email")) // false</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Validate URL</h3>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var urlPattern = Regex.new("^https?://[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+(/.*)?$")
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(urlPattern.test("https://example.com")) // true
|
||||
System.print(urlPattern.test("http://example.com/path")) // true
|
||||
System.print(urlPattern.test("ftp://invalid")) // false</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Validate Phone Number</h3>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var phonePattern = Regex.new("^\\+?\\d{1,3}[-.\\s]?\\(?\\d{3}\\)?[-.\\s]?\\d{3}[-.\\s]?\\d{4}$")
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(phonePattern.test("+1-555-123-4567")) // true
|
||||
System.print(phonePattern.test("(555) 123-4567")) // true</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Extract Numbers</h3>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var numberPattern = Regex.new("-?\\d+\\.?\\d*")
|
||||
var text = "Temperature: -5.5 to 32.0 degrees"
|
||||
|
||||
var matches = numberPattern.matchAll(text)
|
||||
for (match in matches) {
|
||||
System.print(match.text)
|
||||
}
|
||||
// -5.5
|
||||
// 32.0</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Extract Hashtags</h3>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var hashtagPattern = Regex.new("#\\w+")
|
||||
var text = "Check out #wren and #programming!"
|
||||
|
||||
var matches = hashtagPattern.matchAll(text)
|
||||
for (match in matches) {
|
||||
System.print(match.text)
|
||||
}
|
||||
// #wren
|
||||
// #programming</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Remove HTML Tags</h3>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var tagPattern = Regex.new("<[^>]+>")
|
||||
var html = "<p>Hello <b>World</b>!</p>"
|
||||
|
||||
var text = tagPattern.replace(html, "")
|
||||
System.print(text) // Hello World!</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Validate Password Strength</h3>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var hasUpper = Regex.new("[A-Z]")
|
||||
var hasLower = Regex.new("[a-z]")
|
||||
var hasDigit = Regex.new("\\d")
|
||||
var hasSpecial = Regex.new("[!@#$%^&*]")
|
||||
var minLength = 8
|
||||
|
||||
var validatePassword = Fn.new { |password|
|
||||
if (password.count < minLength) return false
|
||||
if (!hasUpper.test(password)) return false
|
||||
if (!hasLower.test(password)) return false
|
||||
if (!hasDigit.test(password)) return false
|
||||
if (!hasSpecial.test(password)) return false
|
||||
return true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(validatePassword.call("Weak")) // false
|
||||
System.print(validatePassword.call("Strong@Pass1")) // true</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Parse Log Lines</h3>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var logPattern = Regex.new("\\[(\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2})\\]\\s+(\\w+):\\s+(.+)")
|
||||
|
||||
var line = "[2024-01-15] ERROR: Connection failed"
|
||||
var match = logPattern.match(line)
|
||||
|
||||
if (match) {
|
||||
System.print("Date: %(match.group(1))") // 2024-01-15
|
||||
System.print("Level: %(match.group(2))") // ERROR
|
||||
System.print("Message: %(match.group(3))") // Connection failed
|
||||
}</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Validate IP Address</h3>
|
||||
<pre><code>import "regex" for Regex
|
||||
|
||||
var ipPattern = Regex.new("^((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\\d|[01]?\\d\\d?)\\.){3}(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\\d|[01]?\\d\\d?)$")
|
||||
|
||||
System.print(ipPattern.test("192.168.1.1")) // true
|
||||
System.print(ipPattern.test("256.1.1.1")) // false
|
||||
System.print(ipPattern.test("10.0.0.255")) // true</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Pattern Syntax Quick Reference</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tr><th>Pattern</th><th>Description</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>.</code></td><td>Any character except newline</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>\\d</code></td><td>Digit (0-9)</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>\\w</code></td><td>Word character (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _)</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>\\s</code></td><td>Whitespace</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>^</code></td><td>Start of string/line</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>$</code></td><td>End of string/line</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>*</code></td><td>Zero or more</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>+</code></td><td>One or more</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>?</code></td><td>Zero or one</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>{n,m}</code></td><td>Between n and m times</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>[abc]</code></td><td>Character class</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>[^abc]</code></td><td>Negated character class</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>(group)</code></td><td>Capture group</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>a|b</code></td><td>Alternation (a or b)</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>\\b</code></td><td>Word boundary</td></tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||||
<div class="admonition-title">See Also</div>
|
||||
<p>For full API documentation, see the <a href="../api/regex.html">Regex module reference</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</article>
|
||||
|
||||
<footer class="page-footer">
|
||||
<a href="json-parsing.html" class="prev">JSON Parsing</a>
|
||||
<a href="file-operations.html" class="next">File Operations</a>
|
||||
</footer>
|
||||
</main>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script src="../js/main.js"></script>
|
||||
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|
||||
</html>
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user