feat: add async/await keywords, Num/String extensions, and Jinja markdown example
Add `async` and `await` token support to the Wren compiler with scheduler resolution logic, extend `Num` with `e` constant, hyperbolic trig, base conversion, and new methods (`isZero`, `gcd`, `lcm`, `digits`, etc.), extend `String` with `lower`, `upper`, `capitalize`, `title`, and regenerate `wren_core.wren.inc`. Include `Makefile` for multi-platform builds, rewrite `README.md` with updated build instructions, and add `example/await_demo.wren` and `example/jinja_markdown.wren` demonstrating new features.
2026-01-25 04:58:39 +01:00
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- retoor <retoor@molodetz.nl> -->
< html lang = "en" >
< head >
< meta charset = "UTF-8" >
< meta name = "viewport" content = "width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" >
< title > Num - Wren-CLI Manual< / title >
< link rel = "stylesheet" href = "../css/style.css" >
< / head >
< body >
< button class = "mobile-menu-toggle" > Menu< / button >
< div class = "container" >
< aside class = "sidebar" >
< div class = "sidebar-header" >
< h1 > < a href = "../index.html" > Wren-CLI< / a > < / h1 >
< div class = "version" > v0.4.0< / div >
< / div >
< nav class = "sidebar-nav" >
< div class = "section" >
< span class = "section-title" > Getting Started< / span >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "../getting-started/index.html" > Overview< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../getting-started/installation.html" > Installation< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../getting-started/first-script.html" > First Script< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../getting-started/repl.html" > Using the REPL< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< div class = "section" >
< span class = "section-title" > Language< / span >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "../language/index.html" > Syntax Overview< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../language/classes.html" > Classes< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../language/methods.html" > Methods< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../language/control-flow.html" > Control Flow< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../language/fibers.html" > Fibers< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../language/modules.html" > Modules< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< div class = "section" >
< span class = "section-title" > API Reference< / span >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "index.html" > Overview< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "string.html" > String< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "number.html" class = "active" > Num< / a > < / li >
feat: add fswatch, sysinfo, and udp demo scripts plus reorder manual sidebar links
Add three new example scripts demonstrating the fswatch, sysinfo, and udp modules with file watching, system metrics, and UDP echo server/client patterns. Reorder the manual API sidebar navigation to list modules alphabetically, removing deprecated entries like websocket, tls, net, json, regex, jinja, os, signal, subprocess, sqlite, and timer while adding argparse, dataset, fswatch, and html.
2026-01-25 13:09:28 +01:00
< li > < a href = "argparse.html" > argparse< / a > < / li >
feat: add async/await keywords, Num/String extensions, and Jinja markdown example
Add `async` and `await` token support to the Wren compiler with scheduler resolution logic, extend `Num` with `e` constant, hyperbolic trig, base conversion, and new methods (`isZero`, `gcd`, `lcm`, `digits`, etc.), extend `String` with `lower`, `upper`, `capitalize`, `title`, and regenerate `wren_core.wren.inc`. Include `Makefile` for multi-platform builds, rewrite `README.md` with updated build instructions, and add `example/await_demo.wren` and `example/jinja_markdown.wren` demonstrating new features.
2026-01-25 04:58:39 +01:00
< li > < a href = "base64.html" > base64< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "crypto.html" > crypto< / a > < / li >
feat: add fswatch, sysinfo, and udp demo scripts plus reorder manual sidebar links
Add three new example scripts demonstrating the fswatch, sysinfo, and udp modules with file watching, system metrics, and UDP echo server/client patterns. Reorder the manual API sidebar navigation to list modules alphabetically, removing deprecated entries like websocket, tls, net, json, regex, jinja, os, signal, subprocess, sqlite, and timer while adding argparse, dataset, fswatch, and html.
2026-01-25 13:09:28 +01:00
< li > < a href = "dataset.html" > dataset< / a > < / li >
feat: add async/await keywords, Num/String extensions, and Jinja markdown example
Add `async` and `await` token support to the Wren compiler with scheduler resolution logic, extend `Num` with `e` constant, hyperbolic trig, base conversion, and new methods (`isZero`, `gcd`, `lcm`, `digits`, etc.), extend `String` with `lower`, `upper`, `capitalize`, `title`, and regenerate `wren_core.wren.inc`. Include `Makefile` for multi-platform builds, rewrite `README.md` with updated build instructions, and add `example/await_demo.wren` and `example/jinja_markdown.wren` demonstrating new features.
2026-01-25 04:58:39 +01:00
< li > < a href = "datetime.html" > datetime< / a > < / li >
feat: add fswatch, sysinfo, and udp demo scripts plus reorder manual sidebar links
Add three new example scripts demonstrating the fswatch, sysinfo, and udp modules with file watching, system metrics, and UDP echo server/client patterns. Reorder the manual API sidebar navigation to list modules alphabetically, removing deprecated entries like websocket, tls, net, json, regex, jinja, os, signal, subprocess, sqlite, and timer while adding argparse, dataset, fswatch, and html.
2026-01-25 13:09:28 +01:00
< li > < a href = "dns.html" > dns< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "env.html" > env< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "fswatch.html" > fswatch< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "html.html" > html< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "http.html" > http< / a > < / li >
feat: add async/await keywords, Num/String extensions, and Jinja markdown example
Add `async` and `await` token support to the Wren compiler with scheduler resolution logic, extend `Num` with `e` constant, hyperbolic trig, base conversion, and new methods (`isZero`, `gcd`, `lcm`, `digits`, etc.), extend `String` with `lower`, `upper`, `capitalize`, `title`, and regenerate `wren_core.wren.inc`. Include `Makefile` for multi-platform builds, rewrite `README.md` with updated build instructions, and add `example/await_demo.wren` and `example/jinja_markdown.wren` demonstrating new features.
2026-01-25 04:58:39 +01:00
< li > < a href = "io.html" > io< / a > < / li >
feat: add fswatch, sysinfo, and udp demo scripts plus reorder manual sidebar links
Add three new example scripts demonstrating the fswatch, sysinfo, and udp modules with file watching, system metrics, and UDP echo server/client patterns. Reorder the manual API sidebar navigation to list modules alphabetically, removing deprecated entries like websocket, tls, net, json, regex, jinja, os, signal, subprocess, sqlite, and timer while adding argparse, dataset, fswatch, and html.
2026-01-25 13:09:28 +01:00
< li > < a href = "jinja.html" > jinja< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "json.html" > json< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "markdown.html" > markdown< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "math.html" > math< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "net.html" > net< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "os.html" > os< / a > < / li >
feat: add async/await keywords, Num/String extensions, and Jinja markdown example
Add `async` and `await` token support to the Wren compiler with scheduler resolution logic, extend `Num` with `e` constant, hyperbolic trig, base conversion, and new methods (`isZero`, `gcd`, `lcm`, `digits`, etc.), extend `String` with `lower`, `upper`, `capitalize`, `title`, and regenerate `wren_core.wren.inc`. Include `Makefile` for multi-platform builds, rewrite `README.md` with updated build instructions, and add `example/await_demo.wren` and `example/jinja_markdown.wren` demonstrating new features.
2026-01-25 04:58:39 +01:00
< li > < a href = "pathlib.html" > pathlib< / a > < / li >
feat: add fswatch, sysinfo, and udp demo scripts plus reorder manual sidebar links
Add three new example scripts demonstrating the fswatch, sysinfo, and udp modules with file watching, system metrics, and UDP echo server/client patterns. Reorder the manual API sidebar navigation to list modules alphabetically, removing deprecated entries like websocket, tls, net, json, regex, jinja, os, signal, subprocess, sqlite, and timer while adding argparse, dataset, fswatch, and html.
2026-01-25 13:09:28 +01:00
< li > < a href = "regex.html" > regex< / a > < / li >
feat: add async/await keywords, Num/String extensions, and Jinja markdown example
Add `async` and `await` token support to the Wren compiler with scheduler resolution logic, extend `Num` with `e` constant, hyperbolic trig, base conversion, and new methods (`isZero`, `gcd`, `lcm`, `digits`, etc.), extend `String` with `lower`, `upper`, `capitalize`, `title`, and regenerate `wren_core.wren.inc`. Include `Makefile` for multi-platform builds, rewrite `README.md` with updated build instructions, and add `example/await_demo.wren` and `example/jinja_markdown.wren` demonstrating new features.
2026-01-25 04:58:39 +01:00
< li > < a href = "scheduler.html" > scheduler< / a > < / li >
feat: add fswatch, sysinfo, and udp demo scripts plus reorder manual sidebar links
Add three new example scripts demonstrating the fswatch, sysinfo, and udp modules with file watching, system metrics, and UDP echo server/client patterns. Reorder the manual API sidebar navigation to list modules alphabetically, removing deprecated entries like websocket, tls, net, json, regex, jinja, os, signal, subprocess, sqlite, and timer while adding argparse, dataset, fswatch, and html.
2026-01-25 13:09:28 +01:00
< li > < a href = "signal.html" > signal< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "sqlite.html" > sqlite< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "subprocess.html" > subprocess< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "sysinfo.html" > sysinfo< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "tempfile.html" > tempfile< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "timer.html" > timer< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "tls.html" > tls< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "udp.html" > udp< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "uuid.html" > uuid< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "wdantic.html" > wdantic< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "web.html" > web< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "websocket.html" > websocket< / a > < / li >
feat: add async/await keywords, Num/String extensions, and Jinja markdown example
Add `async` and `await` token support to the Wren compiler with scheduler resolution logic, extend `Num` with `e` constant, hyperbolic trig, base conversion, and new methods (`isZero`, `gcd`, `lcm`, `digits`, etc.), extend `String` with `lower`, `upper`, `capitalize`, `title`, and regenerate `wren_core.wren.inc`. Include `Makefile` for multi-platform builds, rewrite `README.md` with updated build instructions, and add `example/await_demo.wren` and `example/jinja_markdown.wren` demonstrating new features.
2026-01-25 04:58:39 +01:00
< / ul >
< / div >
< div class = "section" >
< span class = "section-title" > Tutorials< / span >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "../tutorials/index.html" > Tutorial List< / a > < / li >
feat: add fswatch, sysinfo, and udp demo scripts plus reorder manual sidebar links
Add three new example scripts demonstrating the fswatch, sysinfo, and udp modules with file watching, system metrics, and UDP echo server/client patterns. Reorder the manual API sidebar navigation to list modules alphabetically, removing deprecated entries like websocket, tls, net, json, regex, jinja, os, signal, subprocess, sqlite, and timer while adding argparse, dataset, fswatch, and html.
2026-01-25 13:09:28 +01:00
< li > < a href = "../tutorials/http-client.html" > HTTP Client< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../tutorials/websocket-chat.html" > WebSocket Chat< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../tutorials/database-app.html" > Database App< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../tutorials/template-rendering.html" > Templates< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../tutorials/cli-tool.html" > CLI Tool< / a > < / li >
feat: add buildmanual target, faker demo, subprocess examples, and contributing sidebar to manual
Add Makefile buildmanual target for manual generation and include faker_demo.wren, subprocess_async_demo.wren, subprocess_concurrent_demo.wren, and subprocess_fiber_demo.wren example scripts. Update manual sidebar across api pages to link new web-server tutorial and contributing section with module architecture, pure-wren/c-backed modules, foreign classes, async patterns, testing, and documentation pages.
2026-01-25 19:02:02 +01:00
< li > < a href = "../tutorials/web-server.html" > Web Server< / a > < / li >
feat: add async/await keywords, Num/String extensions, and Jinja markdown example
Add `async` and `await` token support to the Wren compiler with scheduler resolution logic, extend `Num` with `e` constant, hyperbolic trig, base conversion, and new methods (`isZero`, `gcd`, `lcm`, `digits`, etc.), extend `String` with `lower`, `upper`, `capitalize`, `title`, and regenerate `wren_core.wren.inc`. Include `Makefile` for multi-platform builds, rewrite `README.md` with updated build instructions, and add `example/await_demo.wren` and `example/jinja_markdown.wren` demonstrating new features.
2026-01-25 04:58:39 +01:00
< / ul >
< / div >
< div class = "section" >
< span class = "section-title" > How-To Guides< / span >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "../howto/index.html" > How-To List< / a > < / li >
feat: add fswatch, sysinfo, and udp demo scripts plus reorder manual sidebar links
Add three new example scripts demonstrating the fswatch, sysinfo, and udp modules with file watching, system metrics, and UDP echo server/client patterns. Reorder the manual API sidebar navigation to list modules alphabetically, removing deprecated entries like websocket, tls, net, json, regex, jinja, os, signal, subprocess, sqlite, and timer while adding argparse, dataset, fswatch, and html.
2026-01-25 13:09:28 +01:00
< li > < a href = "../howto/http-requests.html" > HTTP Requests< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../howto/json-parsing.html" > JSON Parsing< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../howto/regex-patterns.html" > Regex Patterns< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../howto/file-operations.html" > File Operations< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../howto/async-operations.html" > Async Operations< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../howto/error-handling.html" > Error Handling< / a > < / li >
feat: add async/await keywords, Num/String extensions, and Jinja markdown example
Add `async` and `await` token support to the Wren compiler with scheduler resolution logic, extend `Num` with `e` constant, hyperbolic trig, base conversion, and new methods (`isZero`, `gcd`, `lcm`, `digits`, etc.), extend `String` with `lower`, `upper`, `capitalize`, `title`, and regenerate `wren_core.wren.inc`. Include `Makefile` for multi-platform builds, rewrite `README.md` with updated build instructions, and add `example/await_demo.wren` and `example/jinja_markdown.wren` demonstrating new features.
2026-01-25 04:58:39 +01:00
< / ul >
< / div >
feat: add buildmanual target, faker demo, subprocess examples, and contributing sidebar to manual
Add Makefile buildmanual target for manual generation and include faker_demo.wren, subprocess_async_demo.wren, subprocess_concurrent_demo.wren, and subprocess_fiber_demo.wren example scripts. Update manual sidebar across api pages to link new web-server tutorial and contributing section with module architecture, pure-wren/c-backed modules, foreign classes, async patterns, testing, and documentation pages.
2026-01-25 19:02:02 +01:00
< div class = "section" >
< span class = "section-title" > Contributing< / span >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "../contributing/index.html" > Overview< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../contributing/module-overview.html" > Module Architecture< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../contributing/pure-wren-module.html" > Pure-Wren Modules< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../contributing/c-backed-module.html" > C-Backed Modules< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../contributing/foreign-classes.html" > Foreign Classes< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../contributing/async-patterns.html" > Async Patterns< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../contributing/testing.html" > Writing Tests< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../contributing/documentation.html" > Documentation< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
feat: add async/await keywords, Num/String extensions, and Jinja markdown example
Add `async` and `await` token support to the Wren compiler with scheduler resolution logic, extend `Num` with `e` constant, hyperbolic trig, base conversion, and new methods (`isZero`, `gcd`, `lcm`, `digits`, etc.), extend `String` with `lower`, `upper`, `capitalize`, `title`, and regenerate `wren_core.wren.inc`. Include `Makefile` for multi-platform builds, rewrite `README.md` with updated build instructions, and add `example/await_demo.wren` and `example/jinja_markdown.wren` demonstrating new features.
2026-01-25 04:58:39 +01:00
< / nav >
< / aside >
< main class = "content" >
< nav class = "breadcrumb" >
< a href = "../index.html" > Home< / a >
< span class = "separator" > /< / span >
< a href = "index.html" > API Reference< / a >
< span class = "separator" > /< / span >
< span > Num< / span >
< / nav >
< article >
< h1 > Num< / h1 >
< p > The < code > Num< / code > class is the core numeric type in Wren. All numbers are double-precision floating point. The class provides arithmetic, trigonometric, bitwise, rounding, query, conversion, and formatting methods.< / p >
< h2 > Static Constants< / h2 >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > Num.pi< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter (3.14159...).< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > Num.tau< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Two times pi (6.28318...).< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > Num.e< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Euler's number (2.71828...).< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > Num.infinity< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Positive infinity.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > Num.nan< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Not-a-number value.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > Num.largest< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > The largest representable double value.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > Num.smallest< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > The smallest positive representable double value.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > Num.maxSafeInteger< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > The largest integer representable without loss of precision (9007199254740991).< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > Num.minSafeInteger< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > The smallest integer representable without loss of precision (-9007199254740991).< / p >
< h3 > Static Methods< / h3 >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > Num.fromString< / span > (< span class = "param" > string< / span > ) → < span class = "type" > Num|null< / span >
< / div >
< p > Parses a string as a number. Returns < code > null< / code > if the string is not a valid number.< / p >
< pre > < code > Num.fromString("42") // 42
Num.fromString("3.14") // 3.14
Num.fromString("nope") // null< / code > < / pre >
< h2 > Query Methods< / h2 >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > isInteger< / span > → < span class = "type" > Bool< / span >
< / div >
< p > Whether the number is an integer (has no fractional part).< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > isNan< / span > → < span class = "type" > Bool< / span >
< / div >
< p > Whether the number is NaN.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > isInfinity< / span > → < span class = "type" > Bool< / span >
< / div >
< p > Whether the number is positive or negative infinity.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > isFinite< / span > → < span class = "type" > Bool< / span >
< / div >
< p > Whether the number is finite (not infinity and not NaN).< / p >
< pre > < code > 42.isFinite // true
(1/0).isFinite // false
(0/0).isFinite // false< / code > < / pre >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > isZero< / span > → < span class = "type" > Bool< / span >
< / div >
< p > Whether the number equals zero.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > isPositive< / span > → < span class = "type" > Bool< / span >
< / div >
< p > Whether the number is strictly greater than zero.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > isNegative< / span > → < span class = "type" > Bool< / span >
< / div >
< p > Whether the number is strictly less than zero.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > isEven< / span > → < span class = "type" > Bool< / span >
< / div >
< p > Whether the number is an even integer.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > isOdd< / span > → < span class = "type" > Bool< / span >
< / div >
< p > Whether the number is an odd integer.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > isBetween< / span > (< span class = "param" > min< / span > , < span class = "param" > max< / span > ) → < span class = "type" > Bool< / span >
< / div >
< p > Whether the number is within the inclusive range [min, max].< / p >
< pre > < code > 5.isBetween(1, 10) // true
0.isBetween(1, 10) // false
10.isBetween(1, 10) // true< / code > < / pre >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > sign< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Returns 1 for positive, -1 for negative, or 0 for zero.< / p >
< h2 > Arithmetic< / h2 >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > abs< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Absolute value.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > min< / span > (< span class = "param" > other< / span > ) → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Returns the smaller of this number and < code > other< / code > .< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > max< / span > (< span class = "param" > other< / span > ) → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Returns the larger of this number and < code > other< / code > .< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > clamp< / span > (< span class = "param" > min< / span > , < span class = "param" > max< / span > ) → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Constrains this number to the range [min, max].< / p >
< pre > < code > 15.clamp(0, 10) // 10
5.clamp(0, 10) // 5
(-3).clamp(0, 10) // 0< / code > < / pre >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > pow< / span > (< span class = "param" > exponent< / span > ) → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Raises this number to the given power.< / p >
< h2 > Rounding< / h2 >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > ceil< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Rounds up to the nearest integer.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > floor< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Rounds down to the nearest integer.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > round< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Rounds to the nearest integer.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > truncate< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Removes the fractional part, rounding toward zero.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > fraction< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Returns the fractional part of the number.< / p >
< h2 > Roots & Exponents< / h2 >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > sqrt< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Square root.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > cbrt< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Cube root.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > exp< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Returns e raised to this power.< / p >
< h2 > Logarithms< / h2 >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > log< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Natural logarithm (base e).< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > log2< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Base-2 logarithm.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > log10< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Base-10 logarithm.< / p >
< pre > < code > 100.log10 // 2
1000.log10 // 3
1.log10 // 0< / code > < / pre >
< h2 > Trigonometry< / h2 >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > sin< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Sine (argument in radians).< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > cos< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Cosine (argument in radians).< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > tan< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Tangent (argument in radians).< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > asin< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Arc sine, returns radians.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > acos< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Arc cosine, returns radians.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > atan< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Arc tangent, returns radians.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > atan< / span > (< span class = "param" > x< / span > ) → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Two-argument arc tangent (atan2). Returns the angle between the positive x-axis and the point (x, this).< / p >
< h3 > Hyperbolic Functions< / h3 >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > sinh< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Hyperbolic sine.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > cosh< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Hyperbolic cosine.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > tanh< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Hyperbolic tangent.< / p >
< pre > < code > 0.sinh // 0
0.cosh // 1
0.tanh // 0< / code > < / pre >
< h2 > Angle Conversion< / h2 >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > toDegrees< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Converts radians to degrees.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > toRadians< / span > → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Converts degrees to radians.< / p >
< pre > < code > Num.pi.toDegrees // 180
180.toRadians // 3.14159...< / code > < / pre >
< h2 > Conversion< / h2 >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > toString< / span > → < span class = "type" > String< / span >
< / div >
< p > Converts the number to its string representation.< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > toChar< / span > → < span class = "type" > String< / span >
< / div >
< p > Returns the Unicode character for this code point.< / p >
< pre > < code > 65.toChar // "A"
97.toChar // "a"< / code > < / pre >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > toBase< / span > (< span class = "param" > radix< / span > ) → < span class = "type" > String< / span >
< / div >
< p > Converts the integer part to a string in the given base (2-36).< / p >
< pre > < code > 255.toBase(16) // "ff"
255.toBase(2) // "11111111"
255.toBase(8) // "377"< / code > < / pre >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > toHex< / span > → < span class = "type" > String< / span >
< / div >
< p > Shorthand for < code > toBase(16)< / code > .< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > toBinary< / span > → < span class = "type" > String< / span >
< / div >
< p > Shorthand for < code > toBase(2)< / code > .< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > toOctal< / span > → < span class = "type" > String< / span >
< / div >
< p > Shorthand for < code > toBase(8)< / code > .< / p >
< h2 > Formatting< / h2 >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > format< / span > (< span class = "param" > decimals< / span > ) → < span class = "type" > String< / span >
< / div >
< p > Formats the number with a fixed number of decimal places (0-20).< / p >
< pre > < code > 3.14159.format(2) // "3.14"
42.format(3) // "42.000"
(-1.5).format(1) // "-1.5"< / code > < / pre >
< h2 > Integer Operations< / h2 >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > gcd< / span > (< span class = "param" > other< / span > ) → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Greatest common divisor using the Euclidean algorithm. Operates on absolute values.< / p >
< pre > < code > 12.gcd(8) // 4
54.gcd(24) // 6
7.gcd(13) // 1< / code > < / pre >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > lcm< / span > (< span class = "param" > other< / span > ) → < span class = "type" > Num< / span >
< / div >
< p > Least common multiple.< / p >
< pre > < code > 4.lcm(6) // 12
3.lcm(5) // 15< / code > < / pre >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > digits< / span > → < span class = "type" > List< / span >
< / div >
< p > Returns a list of the individual digits of the integer's absolute value. Aborts if the number is not an integer.< / p >
< pre > < code > 123.digits // [1, 2, 3]
0.digits // [0]
(-456).digits // [4, 5, 6]< / code > < / pre >
< h2 > Bitwise Operations< / h2 >
< p > Bitwise operators work on 32-bit unsigned integers.< / p >
< table >
< tr >
< th > Operator< / th >
< th > Description< / th >
< / tr >
< tr > < td > < code > & (other)< / code > < / td > < td > Bitwise AND< / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < code > |(other)< / code > < / td > < td > Bitwise OR< / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < code > ^(other)< / code > < / td > < td > Bitwise XOR< / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < code > < < (other)< / code > < / td > < td > Left shift< / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < code > > > (other)< / code > < / td > < td > Right shift< / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < code > ~< / code > < / td > < td > Bitwise NOT< / td > < / tr >
< / table >
< h2 > Ranges< / h2 >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > ..< / span > (< span class = "param" > to< / span > ) → < span class = "type" > Range< / span >
< / div >
< p > Creates an inclusive range from this number to < code > to< / code > .< / p >
< div class = "method-signature" >
< span class = "method-name" > ...< / span > (< span class = "param" > to< / span > ) → < span class = "type" > Range< / span >
< / div >
< p > Creates an exclusive range from this number to < code > to< / code > (excludes the end).< / p >
< pre > < code > for (i in 1..5) System.print(i) // 1 2 3 4 5
for (i in 1...5) System.print(i) // 1 2 3 4< / code > < / pre >
< / article >
< footer class = "page-footer" >
< a href = "string.html" class = "prev" > String< / a >
< a href = "http.html" class = "next" > http< / a >
< / footer >
< / main >
< / div >
< script src = "../js/main.js" > < / script >
< / body >
< / html >
