The nextToken function in wren_compiler.c previously only skipped spaces and carriage returns when advancing past whitespace, causing tab characters to be treated as non-whitespace tokens. This change adds '\t' to the whitespace check in both the initial case statement and the peekChar loop, ensuring tabs are properly skipped like other whitespace characters. A new test file test/whitespace.wren is added to verify correct handling of tabs in various indentation patterns and inline code positions.
Change `fopen` mode from `"r"` to `"rb"` in `readFile()` to prevent CRLF-to-LF conversion on Windows, and add `'\r'` as a skipped whitespace character in `nextToken()` to handle carriage returns embedded in source files. This fixes parsing errors when Wren source files use Windows-style line endings.
Previously, when `super` was used at the top level or outside any method, the compiler would error but still attempt to read `enclosingClass->methodLength` and `enclosingClass->methodName` from a NULL pointer, leading to undefined behavior. This restructures the error handling in `super_()` to always call `loadThis()` and guard the unnamed super call path with a NULL check on `enclosingClass`, setting an empty method signature when no enclosing class exists. Two additional test cases for `super.foo("bar")` and `super("foo")` are added to verify the compiler continues past the error without crashing.
When `super` is called at top-level with no arguments, `enclosingClass` is null, causing a segfault when trying to access its method name. This fix wraps the unnamed super call logic inside an else branch that only executes when `enclosingClass` is non-null, and adds a test case for the unnamed `super` call at top-level.
Previously, the lexer greedily consumed a `-` followed by a digit as a single negative number token, causing "1 -1" to be lexed as two number tokens instead of a minus operator and a positive literal. This broke parsing of subtraction expressions without spaces.
Now `-` always emits a TOKEN_MINUS, and the parser handles unary negation. This is a breaking change: `-16.sqrt` is now parsed as `-(16.sqrt)` instead of `(-16).sqrt`, requiring parentheses for negative method receivers. All number method tests (abs, ceil, floor, sqrt, toString) are updated to use explicit parentheses for negative receivers.
- Open source files in binary mode to prevent OS-level newline translation
- Treat '\r' character as equivalent to '\n' in the tokenizer
- Handle '\r' followed by '\n' as a single line break via twoCharToken
The `error()` function in the compiler now returns early when the offending token
is of type `TOKEN_ERROR`, preventing the lexer's already-reported error from
being emitted a second time to stderr. This eliminates redundant error messages
for malformed tokens.
Add special handling in the lexer's nextToken function to detect a '#' character followed by '!' on the first line (currentLine == 1) and skip the entire line as a comment. If the shebang appears on any other line, or if a '#' is not followed by '!', emit a lex error for invalid character. Include test cases for valid shebang execution, shebang at EOF, shebang on a non-first line (expected error), and an invalid shebang pattern (expected error).
Remove the empty-line check in runRepl that skipped interpretation for blank input, and refactor the main compilation loop in wrenCompile to use a while loop with TOKEN_EOF matching instead of a for loop with redundant EOF break. This allows the compiler to process files containing only comments or whitespace without prematurely terminating, fixing issue #57. Add test fixtures for comment-only source files.
Remove the `;` case from the `nextToken` function in `wren_compiler.c` so that semicolons are no longer lexed as `TOKEN_LINE`. Update the documentation in `doc/site/syntax.markdown` to describe newlines as the sole statement separator, and adjust all test files (`test/limit/many_constants.wren`, `test/limit/many_globals.wren`, `test/limit/too_many_constants.wren`, `test/semicolon.wren`) to reflect that semicolons now produce an error instead of being treated as line breaks.
Add explicit case for '\t' alongside space character in the nextToken function's whitespace-skipping logic. Previously, only spaces were consumed during whitespace skipping, causing tab characters to be incorrectly treated as unexpected tokens. The fix ensures tabs are properly skipped by first matching the tab case and then falling through to the existing space-handling loop.
Introduce nine new bytecode instructions (CODE_LOAD_LOCAL_0 through CODE_LOAD_LOCAL_8) that directly encode the local slot number in the opcode itself, eliminating the need to read and decode a separate argument byte for the most frequently accessed local variables. This optimization targets the hottest path in the interpreter, as LOAD_LOCAL is the most executed instruction across benchmarks (e.g., 3.75M times in delta_blue). The compiler's `loadLocal` helper emits the specialized opcode when the slot index is ≤8, falling back to the generic `CODE_LOAD_LOCAL` with an argument byte otherwise. The VM dispatch table and debug printer are updated accordingly. Benchmarks show consistent speedups: fib +7.3%, method_call +5.9%, binary_trees +1.9%, for +2.8%, delta_blue +1.0%.
In `getNumArguments`, add a `return 0` after the `UNREACHABLE()` default case to prevent
undefined behavior when assertions are disabled. In `wrenGetClass`, reorder the
`UNREACHABLE()` macro before the `return NULL` so the unreachable annotation is
always emitted. In `runInterpreter`, replace the `ASSERT(0, ...)` with an explicit
`UNREACHABLE()` and `return false` to guarantee a return value on all control paths
when the interpreter exits unexpectedly.
Add -lm flag to both debug and release linker commands in Makefile to resolve
undefined math library references. Define _GNU_SOURCE in main.c to make getline()
available under GCC. Add default cases to switch statements in runFile and
getNumArguments to suppress -Wswitch warnings. Fix u_int8_t to uint8_t type in
wrenNewFunction declaration and definition for POSIX compliance.
Add a 64-character maximum identifier length with compile-time error reporting, and enhance the runtime field overflow error to include the class name and remove the TODO comment. Update test expectations for both limit scenarios.
Add a new test case `shadow_closure_with_local.wren` that verifies a closed-over
variable can be shadowed by a local variable in an inner scope within the same
closure. The test ensures that the outer closure variable retains its value
outside the inner scope after the shadowing local goes out of scope.
Also remove an incomplete TODO comment from `reuse_closure_slot.wren` and add
a detailed TODO comment in `wren_compiler.c` discussing the design trade-off
between treating capitalized names as globals versus implicit `this` calls
when walking the scope chain.
Add a static `print` method with no arguments that writes only a newline, enabling blank-line output. Remove the `ignoreNewlines` calls before closing parentheses in parameter lists and method calls, tightening syntax rules. Add a `strlen` TODO comment in symbol table lookup for future optimization. Move the `Foo.toString` test from `test/io/write.wren` to `test/io/print.wren` and delete the old write test file.
Enforce syntactic requirement for parentheses in operator method signatures (e.g., `+(other)` instead of `+ other`) and setter definitions (e.g., `bar=(value)` instead of `bar = value`). Update the compiler's `infixSignature`, `mixedSignature`, and `namedSignature` functions to consume explicit `(` and `)` tokens around parameter names. Migrate all built-in core library operator definitions and test fixtures to the new parenthesized syntax.
Rename boolean defines from `true`/`false` to `1`/`0` for consistency, prefix debug flags with `WREN_DEBUG_`, add `WREN_USE_LIB_IO` flag to guard IO library loading, and wrap IO module includes and function declarations in conditional compilation blocks.
Replace the nested `SymbolTable` struct (containing a `StringBuffer names` field) with a direct `typedef StringBuffer SymbolTable`, updating all internal accesses from `symbols->names.data` to `symbols->data` and `symbols->names.count` to `symbols->count`. Rename `vm->methods` to `vm->methodNames` and `vm->globalSymbols` to `vm->globalNames` across the codebase, including debug printing, compiler symbol resolution, core initialization, and VM interpreter error messages. Remove the stale TODO comment about error codes in `wren.h` and adjust the `instantiate` method name to include a leading space to prevent direct user invocation.
Replace the static `Value globals[MAX_GLOBALS]` array in WrenVM with a dynamic `ValueBuffer` that grows on demand, removing the 256-global limit. Introduce `wrenDefineGlobal()` helper that adds a named global to the symbol table and stores its value in the buffer, returning -2 when the 65536 limit is reached. Update all global access sites (compiler emit, runtime interpreter, GC marking, debug disassembly, core class definition) to use the buffer's data pointer and short (16-bit) opcode arguments instead of byte-sized ones. Add a regression test `many_globals.wren` that defines 8200 globals to verify the new capacity.
Add type checking to the `fn_new` native function to ensure the argument
passed to `Fn.new` is either a function or closure. Previously, passing
an invalid type like an integer would silently succeed. Now it returns
a clear runtime error message: "Argument must be a function."
Also remove two stale TODO comments about newline handling in the
compiler that were no longer relevant to current parsing logic.
This change shifts newline tokenization from the lexer's readRawToken into the parser's nextToken, allowing the grammar to selectively ignore newlines in specific contexts (e.g., after operators like "|", "is", "for", "if", "while") while treating them as errors in others (e.g., after "var", "new", "class", "static", before commas in lists). The lexer now emits TOKEN_LINE for semicolons and newlines uniformly, and the parser decides which to elide. Test files are updated to reflect the new error expectations and to remove tests for newlines that are now grammatically allowed.
Refactor `finishBlock` in `wren_compiler.c` to detect single-expression bodies (no newline after `{`) and leave a value on the stack, enabling implicit returns for methods and functions. Add `finishBody` wrapper to handle constructor flag. Update all benchmark and test `.wren` files to remove explicit `return` keywords from getters and single-expression methods, relying on the new implicit return behavior. Remove old `return_null_if_brace.wren` test, add `newline_body.wren`, `newline_in_expression_block.wren`, and `no_newline_before_close.wren` tests for edge cases.
Remove the TOKEN_FN enum value, its keyword mapping in readName, and the
associated function syntax handling from the tokenizer. Also clean up
unnecessary operator tokens from the newline-skipping switch in nextToken
to simplify the token processing logic.
Replace all occurrences of the old `fn` function literal syntax with the new `new Fn {|params| body}` block syntax across benchmark, test, and source files. Update the Wren compiler to handle the pipe operator as a block argument delimiter by removing `TOKEN_PIPE` from the newline-swallowing token list and adding explicit newline matching in `infixOp`. Adjust test expectations in `conditional/precedence.wren` to remove `fn`-based expressions and update `test/assignment/local.wren` to use the new syntax.
Refactor the 'new' operator compilation to emit a method call to 'instantiate' on the class instead of using a dedicated bytecode instruction. This allows built-in types like Fn to override instantiation behavior, enabling `new Fn { ... }` to return the block argument directly. Remove the CODE_NEW opcode from the VM, compiler, and debug printer, and add native methods `class_instantiate`, `fn_instantiate`, `fn_new`, and `object_instantiate` to handle the new dispatch. Update test files to reflect the renamed `Function` class to `Fn`.
Update all fiber test files to replace `Fiber.create(fn { ... })` with `Fiber.create { ... }` block syntax, and add compiler support for parsing block bodies without requiring a newline after the opening brace. The compiler changes include removing `TOKEN_LEFT_BRACE` from the newline-discarding token list and adding `match(compiler, TOKEN_LINE)` calls in `finishBlock`, `methodCall`, `function`, and `block` to handle empty block bodies and inline expressions.
Add INFIX_OPERATOR entries for TOKEN_PIPE and TOKEN_AMP with PREC_BITWISE precedence in the compiler's grammar rules, replacing the previous UNUSED entries. This allows user-defined classes to implement custom `|` and `&` operator methods.
Include a new test file `test/custom_operators/bitwise.wren` that defines Amp and Pipe classes with their respective operator methods to validate the feature works correctly.
Add TOKEN_QUESTION token type and implement conditional() parsing function in wren_compiler.c to support the ternary conditional operator (condition ? then : else). Register fn_toString native in wren_core.c to return "<fn>" string for function objects. Include comprehensive test suite covering precedence, short-circuit evaluation, and error cases for missing tokens.
In classDefinition in wren_compiler.c, add a check for TOKEN_RIGHT_BRACE before
requiring a newline after the last method definition, so that a closing brace
immediately following a method is accepted. Update test/class/syntax.wren with
a test case for this syntax.
In the compiler, when a bare name is encountered inside a class definition and it does not resolve to a local variable or global, emit an implicit `this.` load before the call, enabling getter, setter, and method calls without explicit receiver. Update all benchmark, builtin, and test files to remove redundant `this.` qualifiers, and add comprehensive test suites for implicit receiver behavior across instance, inherited, static, nested, and shadowing scenarios.
Add `numParams` field to `ObjFn` and `Compiler` structs to track expected parameter count. Refactor `parameterList` to return count and store it in compiler. Modify `endCompiler` to pass `numParams` to `wrenNewFunction`. Replace single `fn_call` native with 17 arity-specific `fn_call0` through `fn_call16` natives that validate argument count against `fn->numParams` via `callFunction` helper, returning error on missing args. Remove stale TODO comment in VM interpreter. Add test files `call_extra_arguments.wren` and `call_missing_arguments.wren`.
Replace TODO comments with proper error reporting for unterminated strings, incomplete Unicode escapes, and invalid escape sequences. Add five new test files covering each error case.
In the compiler's classDefinition function, the class name constant is now emitted as a separate CODE_CONSTANT instruction before CODE_CLASS, instead of being passed as a short argument to CODE_CLASS. The VM's CLASS case handler is updated to pop the class name string from the stack using PEEK2() instead of reading it from the constant table via READ_SHORT(). The comment in wren_vm.h is revised to document that the class name is now on the stack below the superclass.
Store the class name string in `ObjClass` during compilation and class creation, and expose it through a new `class_name` native method. Also update `object_toString` to return the class name for class instances and "instance of <name>" for regular instances.
Eliminate the dedicated CODE_SUBCLASS opcode and instead push a null value to indicate implicit inheritance from Object. This simplifies the bytecode interpreter by using a single CODE_CLASS instruction that checks the top of stack for a null sentinel to determine whether to use the implicit Object superclass or a user-provided superclass. The change also consolidates argument counting and debug printing logic, removing the now-unnecessary case branches for CODE_SUBCLASS across the compiler, VM, and debug modules.
The getNumArguments function was incorrectly returning the number of upvalues
as a direct count instead of accounting for the two bytes consumed per upvalue
in the bytecode stream. This caused the patching loop to exit prematurely when
processing closures with multiple upvalues, leading to corrupted bytecode offsets
and runtime crashes.
Refactor the compiler to treat static methods as local variables defined in an implicit scope surrounding the class, eliminating the need for VM-level static method support. This changes `declareVariable` to use the previously consumed token, adds `declareNamedVariable` for explicit token consumption, and updates `parameterList` to use the new function. Adjusts VM bytecode ordering for `CODE_METHOD_INSTANCE` and `CODE_METHOD_STATIC` to pop the class before the function body. Adds comprehensive test coverage for static fields including closures, nested classes, default null values, instance method access, and error cases for field usage outside classes or in static methods.
Move fields, isStaticMethod, methodName, and methodLength from Compiler struct into a new ClassCompiler struct, replacing them with a single enclosingClass pointer. This consolidates class-level bookkeeping and simplifies the Compiler struct by grouping related fields.
Add a new token type TOKEN_STATIC_FIELD to the compiler's token enum and
update the lexer to distinguish between single underscore (TOKEN_FIELD)
and double underscore (TOKEN_STATIC_FIELD) prefixed names. The new token
is registered in the grammar rules table as UNUSED with a TODO comment
for future implementation.
Remove the metaclass inheritance chain that mirrored the class hierarchy, instead always binding metaclasses directly to Class. This prevents static methods from being inherited by subclasses. Also add a compile-time error when `super` is used inside a static method, since it would always delegate to Class without useful effect. Update the `isInsideMethod` check to use `compiler->fields` instead of walking the parent chain for correctness. Add test cases for the new restrictions and remove the old test that verified static method inheritance.
Add isStaticMethod flag to Compiler struct to track whether the current method is static. When compiling a field access, check this flag and emit a compile error if an instance field is used inside a static method. Initialize the flag to false for top-level code and propagate it from parent to child compilers for nested functions and methods.
Add a MAX_FIELDS constant (255) to wren_common.h and implement field overflow
validation in the compiler and VM. The compiler now emits an error when a class
declares more than 255 fields, and the VM checks for inherited field overflow
at class creation time, producing a descriptive runtime error. Also add four
test files (many_fields, many_inherited_fields, too_many_fields,
too_many_inherited_fields) to verify both valid and invalid field counts.
The error message emitted when a left brace is expected after a class body
incorrectly referenced a closing brace '}' instead of the required opening
brace '{'. This fix updates the error string in the `classDefinition` function
within `src/wren_compiler.c` to accurately describe the expected token.
In the compiler, when a `return` token is followed by a newline or right brace, emit CODE_NULL instead of parsing an expression. This enables bare `return` statements to implicitly return null. Also removes a stale TODO comment about setter parameters and fixes a typo in a comment in wren_core.c. Adds three test cases: one for explicit return in a function, one for bare return before a brace, and one for bare return before a newline.
Implement the remaining standard C escape codes in the readString function
of the Wren compiler, removing the TODO comment about missing escapes.
Adds handling for alert (a), backspace (b), form feed (f), carriage return (r),
and vertical tab (v) escape sequences.
Replace single-byte jump offset emission and reading with two-byte (uint16) handling across all jump instructions (JUMP, LOOP, JUMP_IF, AND, OR). Add new emitJump helper that reserves a 16-bit placeholder, update patchJump to write the offset as big-endian short, and change VM opcode handlers to use READ_SHORT instead of READ_BYTE for jump offsets. This increases maximum jump distance from 255 to 65535 bytes, supporting larger generated bytecode.
Replace the single `loopBody` index with a `Loop` struct that tracks scope depth, enabling the compiler to emit correct scope-exit code when a `break` statement is encountered inside nested blocks. Also add `WREN_DUMP_COMPILED_CODE` debug flag and new test cases for closures capturing loop variables after break, return inside loops, and nested loop scoping.
Rename the IO.write method to IO.print, which now prints without a trailing newline, and add a new IO.print method that appends a newline after output. Update all benchmark, example, and test files to use IO.print instead of IO.write. Additionally, implement Unicode escape sequence parsing in the compiler's string tokenizer, supporting \uXXXX and \u{...} syntax with proper UTF-8 encoding for code points up to U+10FFFF.
Replace the fixed-size MAX_SYMBOLS array with a dynamically growing StringBuffer for symbol names, update all instruction encodings to use 16-bit operands for constants and method symbols, and refactor method binding to use a dynamic MethodBuffer per class. Remove the constant deduplication logic in addConstant and the commented-out struct fields in initCompiler.
Move bytecode and debug source line buffers out of Compiler struct to
simplify initialization, and add inline comments for source path, source
code, constants, locals, upvalues, and fields to improve readability of
the compiler's internal state layout.
Remove the single-purpose Buffer struct from wren_compiler.c and replace it with type-specific ByteBuffer and IntBuffer types generated via a DECLARE_BUFFER macro in wren_utils.h, with shared buffer logic implemented in wren_utils.c using a void* Buffer helper struct. This enables a growable line-number buffer for debug source lines.
Move SymbolTable struct and its associated functions (initSymbolTable, clearSymbolTable, addSymbol, findSymbol, ensureSymbol, getSymbolName) from wren_vm.c and wren_value.h into new wren_utils.c and wren_utils.h files. Rename all functions with wrenSymbolTable prefix for consistent naming convention, update all call sites across compiler, core, debug, and VM files, and relocate MAX_SYMBOLS constant to wren_common.h.
Introduce primitive error signaling, runtime error handling with callstack printing, and fiber termination on error. Add source file path and method name tracking to functions, along with debug line number information. Update arithmetic operators to error on non-numeric operands and implement proper "method not found" runtime errors. Refactor the test runner to expect runtime errors with exit code 70 (EX_SOFTWARE) and update the C API to accept source paths in wrenInterpret and wrenCompile. Rename WrenNativeMethodFn to WrenForeignMethodFn and adjust related typedefs. Add debug source line arrays to compilers and functions, and replace the old debug dump functions with new print-based variants that display line numbers.
In `wren_core.c`, `defineClass` and `wrenInitializeCore` now call `addSymbol` before allocating new class objects (`wrenNewClass`, `wrenNewSingleClass`), ensuring unpinned objects are not live when a GC-triggering symbol insertion occurs. In `wren_compiler.c`, `freeBuffer` now passes zero capacity to `wrenReallocate` and reuses `initBuffer` instead of manually zeroing fields, fixing a potential double-free or stale pointer on buffer reuse.
Add support for empty block bodies in the Wren compiler by early-returning
from `finishBlock` when a right brace is immediately matched. This permits
syntactically valid constructs like `{}`, `if (true) {}`, and empty function
or method bodies.
Fix a copy-paste error in `wrenGetArgumentDouble` where the assertion
checked `nativeCallSlot` and `nativeCallNumArgs` instead of the correct
`foreignCallSlot` and `foreignCallNumArgs` fields.
Add test cases covering standalone empty blocks, empty blocks in if/else
statements, and empty function and method bodies returning null.
Introduce the `WrenNativeMethodFn` callback type and `METHOD_FOREIGN` enum value to allow host applications to define C-implemented methods on Wren classes. Add `wrenDefineMethod`, `wrenGetArgumentDouble`, and `wrenReturnDouble` API functions, along with `nativeCallSlot` and `nativeCallNumArgs` VM fields to manage foreign call state. Implement `callForeign` in the interpreter loop to invoke native methods and handle stack cleanup. Move `MAX_PARAMETERS`, `MAX_METHOD_NAME`, and `MAX_METHOD_SIGNATURE` constants from `wren_compiler.c` to `wren_common.h` for shared use across the VM.
Pass WrenVM pointer to addSymbol, ensureSymbol, and clearSymbolTable to use
wrenReallocate for memory management instead of raw free/malloc, and remove
truncateSymbolTable and MAX_STRING constant as part of the cleanup.
Replace the static MAX_STRING-sized char array and fixed bytecode array in the compiler with a dynamic Buffer type that supports reallocation via wrenReallocate. Add initBuffer, ensureBufferCapacity, writeBuffer, and freeBuffer helpers to manage memory. This allows the compiler to handle arbitrarily long string literals and large function bodies without hitting hard-coded limits. Add test/long_function.wren (1013 lines) and test/long_string.wren to verify the fix.
Refactor ObjFn creation in endCompiler to pass all data (constants, bytecode, upvalues) directly to wrenNewFunction, eliminating the temporary post-construction assignment loop and memcpy. Update wrenNewFunction signature to accept these parameters, copy constants into a new owned array, and take ownership of the bytecode buffer. Adjust ObjFn struct to use dynamic bytecode pointer and bytecodeLength field instead of fixed-size array. Update memory tracking in markFn and cleanup in freeObj to handle the new dynamic bytecode allocation.
Restructure Compiler to use dynamic bytecode and constant buffers instead of
relying on ObjFn's fixed-size arrays. Move ObjFn creation to the end of
compilation, add wrenListAdd/Insert/RemoveAt helpers to wren_value, relocate
list capacity macros and ensureListCapacity into wren_value.c, and store a
Compiler pointer in WrenVM for GC safety during compilation.
Implement `..` and `...` infix operators on Num returning Range objects that support the iterator protocol, enabling concise numeric for loops like `for (i in 1..10)`. Add Range class with min/max properties and iterate/iteratorValue methods. Introduce TOKEN_DOTDOT and TOKEN_DOTDOTDOT lexer tokens with PREC_RANGE precedence in the compiler. Unroll method_call benchmark loops across all languages to stress dynamic dispatch instead of loop overhead, reducing iteration count from 1M to 100K with 10x unrolling. Update Wren benchmarks (binary_trees, fib, for) to use new range syntax. Add benchmark/README.md documenting each benchmark's purpose.
Remove the large switch statement that manually handled instruction argument counts for each opcode in wrenBindMethod(). Instead, use the existing getNumArguments() helper function to determine how many bytes each instruction consumes, reducing code duplication and making the method more maintainable when new instructions are added.
Add `for (variable in sequence)` syntax to the Wren language, introducing the `in` keyword token and compiler support for iterating over sequences using `iterate` and `iteratorValue` methods. Includes new benchmark files for Lua, Python, Ruby, and Wren, plus test cases covering single-expression bodies, block bodies, closures over loop variables, and break statements. Also fixes a missing POP() in CLOSE_UPVALUE and moves the while test file to a subdirectory.
Replace the block() function's expression-only body with a call to definition(), enabling flow control statements like `if (foo) return bar` and `if (i > 2) break` without requiring curly braces. Add new test files for return statements after if, else, while, and inside functions/methods, and update existing break tests to use the simplified syntax.
Add TOKEN_BREAK keyword recognition and a loopBody field to the compiler
to track the innermost loop's first instruction index. The break
statement emits a jump to the end of the current loop, and compile-time
errors are reported when break appears outside a loop body, inside a
function defined within a loop, or inside a method defined within a
loop. New test files verify correct behavior for break in while loops,
nested loops, and error cases for invalid break usage.
- Remove two TODO comments in wren_compiler.c about parameter length overflow check and assignment in named call
- Remove TODO about interning bool_toString and null_toString strings in wren_core.c
- Replace oversized 100-char temp buffer with precise 21-char buffer in num_toString, referencing Lua implementation
- Rename io_write native to io_writeString and remove TODO about calling toString on argument
Add a dedicated lexError function that marks compilation as failed and formats
error messages consistently with a trailing newline. Move line counting from
readRawToken into nextChar so that newlines are tracked during all lexer phases,
including block comment scanning. Replace the TODO placeholder in
skipBlockComment with a proper lexError call for unterminated block comments,
and add test cases for unterminated block and nested block comments.
Remove the CODE_DUP opcode from the compiler, debug printer, VM dispatch table, and enum definition. Also simplify several case blocks in the computed-goto interpreter by removing unnecessary braces and consolidating local variable declarations, and add a critical ordering comment to the dispatch table.
Introduce CODE_LOAD_FIELD_THIS and CODE_STORE_FIELD_THIS opcodes that bypass receiver stack operations when field access occurs directly within a method body. Refactor field() compiler to emit these faster instructions when compiler->methodName is set, and extract loadThis() helper to correctly resolve 'this' in nested functions. Update VM interpreter with dedicated dispatch cases that read receiver from frame->stackStart instead of popping, and add debug disassembly support. Add test cases for field closure capture and nested class field isolation, removing related TODO comments.
Remove the ResolvedName enum and its typedef, replacing the resolved parameter with a Code* loadInstruction pointer that directly returns the appropriate load instruction (CODE_LOAD_LOCAL, CODE_LOAD_UPVALUE, or CODE_LOAD_GLOBAL). This eliminates the intermediate enum and the TODO comment about ditching it, simplifying the variable resolution logic in the compiler.
Add a new test case `test/super/closure.wren` verifying that `super.toString` correctly resolves to the base class method when called from within a closure defined in a derived class. Refactor `resolveLocal` and `resolveUpvalue` to accept explicit name and length parameters instead of relying on the previously consumed token, enabling proper name resolution in nested closure scopes during superclass method dispatch.
In the compiler, when parsing a variable declaration, the `=` token is now optional. If present, the initializer expression is compiled as before. If absent, the variable is implicitly initialized to `null` via a call to `null(compiler, false)`. This change removes the previous `TODO` comment and the unconditional `consume` of `TOKEN_EQ`.
Two new test files verify the behavior for both global and local variables without initializers, asserting that reading such a variable yields `null`.
Add support for closing over "this" in function closures defined inside methods by naming the receiver local variable "this" in method compilers. Fix upvalue closing to copy the actual value instead of the stack top, and reorder return handling to close upvalues before storing the result. Add test cases for closure over "this", nested closures, and nested classes.
Implement list subscript setter (`[ ]=`) native method in wren_core.c, enabling assignment to list elements via bracket syntax. Extract duplicate parameter count validation logic into a shared `validateNumParameters` function in wren_compiler.c, replacing inline checks in both `parameterList` and `methodCall`. Add comprehensive test suite covering basic assignment, return value semantics, negative indices, and error cases for out-of-range and excessive arguments.
- Add TOKEN_LINE matching after list elements in compiler to allow newlines before commas or closing brackets
- Add tests for list newline handling, EOF after comma/element, and class name inside body
- Remove resolved TODOs for default constructors, inherited fields, metaclass is checks, zero comparison, and bitwise not behavior
Add support for setter methods in the compiler by detecting '=' after a method name in namedCall, compiling the assigned value, and emitting the setter instruction. Includes new test cases for instance setters, static setters, assignment associativity, grouping, operator precedence errors, setter result values, and same-name getter/setter methods. Also updates the super call test with a TODO for super setter calls.
Remove the `this new` constructor declaration syntax in favor of a `new` keyword that creates instances directly. Superclass constructors are now invoked via bare `super(args)` instead of `super.new(args)`, eliminating the semantic weirdness of calling a constructor on a partially-constructed instance. Update the compiler to treat `new` as a keyword token, replace the `isMethod` flag with `methodName`/`methodLength` fields, and change the VM's `NEW` opcode to pop the class from the stack before creating the instance. Add a default `new` native method on Object that returns `this`. Update all benchmarks and tests to use the new syntax.
Add detailed TODO notes in wren_compiler.c's method() function to document two unresolved issues: the lack of validation for matching superclass constructors, and the problematic instance context during super() compilation where field access like _someField in super(_someField) expressions could cause undefined behavior since the receiver is still the class at that point.
Refactor the method_call benchmark across Lua, Python, Ruby, and Wren to use proper inheritance with super calls instead of direct state manipulation. This ensures all languages benchmark super method invocations consistently.
Fix a bug in the Wren compiler where constructors weren't being bound correctly by extracting method binding logic into a dedicated `bindMethod` function that properly handles both instance and static methods against the class object.
Optimize if-statement compilation by restructuring jump instruction emission to eliminate unnecessary CODE_JUMP instructions when no else branch exists, reducing bytecode size for conditional blocks.
Update the superclass constructor test to verify inherited field access through super constructor chains, confirming correct field initialization across multiple inheritance levels.
Add support for explicit superclass constructor invocation in subclass constructors using `super.constructorName(args)` syntax before the opening brace. The metaclass inheritance hierarchy now mirrors the regular class chain, with `Class` as the root metaclass superclass instead of `Object`. Includes test cases for multi-level constructor delegation and static method inheritance.
Add isInsideMethod helper that walks the compiler's parent chain to detect
if the current compilation scope is within a method. Use it in super_()
to emit a compile error when 'super' is used at top level or inside a
top-level function, with corresponding test cases for both scenarios.
Migrate all boolean-typed parameters, return values, struct fields, and local variables from `int` (with 0/1 convention) to C99 `bool` (`true`/`false`). Update corresponding comments, macro definitions, and documentation strings to use `true`/`false` terminology instead of "non-zero"/"zero". Add `#include <stdbool.h>` to `src/main.c`, `src/wren_compiler.c`, and `src/wren_value.h`. Remove the stale TODO comment in `src/wren_common.h` that originally proposed this change.
Remove "(bob)" author prefix from all TODO comments in benchmark/method_call.wren, include/wren.h, src/main.c, src/wren_common.h, src/wren_compiler.c, src/wren_core.c, src/wren_value.c, src/wren_value.h, and src/wren_vm.c. Update the TODO_PATTERN regex in metrics script to match the new format without author parentheses. Also refactor test file counting in metrics to use os.walk with fnmatch for recursive directory traversal instead of glob.iglob.
Remove the METHOD_CTOR method type and CODE_METHOD_CTOR opcode, replacing them with a new CODE_NEW instruction that creates class instances directly in the bytecode. This simplifies the compiler by emitting CODE_NEW at the start of constructor bodies instead of relying on a separate method dispatch path, and eliminates the redundant METHOD_CTOR enum value from the method lookup logic.
Add CODE_SUPER_0 through CODE_SUPER_16 bytecodes to the VM for invoking inherited methods, along with a `namedCall` compiler helper that parses method names and argument lists after a dot. The interpreter dispatches super calls by walking up the class hierarchy from the receiver's immediate class, skipping methods defined on that class. Includes three test cases covering calling a different superclass method, calling the same method name, and indirectly inherited methods. Also fixes error formatting to handle newline tokens gracefully and adds a TODO note about not deduplicating placeholder constants for super calls.
Reorder the opcode enum values, dispatch table entries, switch-case handlers, and debug dump cases for CODE_LIST and CODE_CLOSURE to appear after CODE_RETURN and before CODE_CLASS, improving interpreter performance by reducing branch prediction misses for the more common instructions that now appear earlier in the switch.
