searxng/lxcdev.rst at 9a3253fc168281566d53a5c44ba05e5ffa2b4f47

 .. _lxcdev:
 ==============================
 Developing in Linux Containers
 ==============================
 .. _LXC: https://linuxcontainers.org/lxc/introduction/
 In this article we will show, how you can make use of Linux Containers (LXC_) in
 *distributed and heterogeneous development cycles* (TL;DR; jump to the
 :ref:`lxcdev summary`).
 .. sidebar:: Audience
    This blog post is written for experienced admins and developers.  Readers
    should have a serious meaning about the terms: *distributed*, *merge* and
    *linux container*.
 .. contents:: Contents
    :depth: 2
    :local:
    :backlinks: entry
 Motivation
 ==========
 Usually in our development cycle, we edit the sources and run some test and/or
 builds by using ``make`` :ref:`[ref] <makefile>` before we commit.  This cycle
 is simple and perfect but might fail in some aspects we should not overlook.
   **The environment in which we run all our development processes matters!**
 The :ref:`makefile` and the :ref:`make install` encapsulate a lot for us, but
 they do not have access to all prerequisites.  For example, there may have
 dependencies on packages that are installed on the developer's desktop, but
 usually are not preinstalled on a server or client system.  Another example is;
 settings have been made to the software on developer's desktop that would never
 be set on a *production* system.
   **Linux Containers are isolate environments and not to mix up all the
   prerequisites from various projects on developer's desktop is always a good
   choice.**
 The scripts from :ref:`searx_utils` can divide in those to install and maintain
 software:
 - :ref:`searx.sh`
 - :ref:`filtron.sh`
 - :ref:`morty.sh`
 and the script :ref:`lxc.sh`, with we can scale our installation, maintenance or
 even development tasks over a stack of isolated containers / what we call the:
   **SearXNG LXC suite**
 .. hint::
    If you see any problems with the internet connectivity of your
    containers read section :ref:`internet connectivity docker`.
 Gentlemen, start your engines!
 ==============================
 .. _LXD: https://linuxcontainers.org/lxd/introduction/
 .. _archlinux: https://www.archlinux.org/
 Before you can start with containers, you need to install and initiate LXD_
 once:
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: desktop
      .. code:: sh
         $ snap install lxd
         $ lxd init --auto
 And you need to clone from origin or if you have your own fork, clone from your
 fork:
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: desktop
      .. code:: sh
         $ cd ~/Downloads
         $ git clone https://github.com/searxng/searxng.git searxng
         $ cd searxng
 The :ref:`lxc-searx.env` consists of several images, see ``export
 LXC_SUITE=(...`` near by :origin:`utils/lxc-searx.env#L19`.  For this blog post
 we exercise on a archlinux_ image.  The container of this image is named
 ``searx-archlinux``.  Lets build the container, but be sure that this container
 does not already exists, so first lets remove possible old one:
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: desktop
      .. code:: sh
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh remove searx-archlinux
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh build searx-archlinux
 .. sidebar:: The ``searx-archlinux`` container
    is the base of all our exercises here.
 In this container we install all services :ref:`including searx, morty & filtron
 <lxc.sh install suite>` in once:
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: desktop
      .. code:: sh
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh install suite searx-archlinux
 To proxy HTTP from filtron and morty in the container to the outside of the
 container, install nginx into the container.  Once for the bot blocker filtron:
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: desktop
      .. code:: sh
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searx-archlinux \
           ./utils/filtron.sh nginx install
         ...
         INFO:  got 429 from http://10.174.184.156/searx
 and once for the content sanitizer (content proxy morty):
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: desktop
      .. code:: sh
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searx-archlinux \
           ./utils/morty.sh nginx install
         ...
         INFO:  got 200 from http://10.174.184.156/morty/
 .. sidebar:: Fully functional SearXNG suite
    From here on you have a fully functional SearXNG suite running with bot
    blocker (filtron) and WEB content sanitizer (content proxy morty), both are
    needed for a *privacy protecting* search engine.
 On your system, the IP of your ``searx-archlinux`` container differs from
 http://10.174.184.156/searx, just open the URL reported in your installation
 protocol in your WEB browser from the desktop to test the instance from outside
 of the container.
 In such a earXNG suite admins can maintain and access the debug log of the
 different services quite easy.
 .. _working in containers:
 In containers, work as usual
 ============================
 Usually you open a root-bash using ``sudo -H bash``.  In case of LXC containers
 open the root-bash in the container using ``./utils/lxc.sh cmd
 searx-archlinux``:
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: desktop
      .. code:: sh
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searx-archlinux bash
         INFO:  [searx-archlinux] bash
         [root@searx-archlinux searx]# pwd
         /share/searxng
 The prompt ``[root@searx-archlinux ...]`` signals, that you are the root user in
 the searx-container.  To debug the running SearXNG instance use:
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: root@searx-archlinux
      .. code:: sh
         $ ./utils/searx.sh inspect service
         ...
         use [CTRL-C] to stop monitoring the log
         ...
 Back in the browser on your desktop open the service http://10.174.184.156/searx
 and run your application tests while the debug log is shown in the terminal from
 above.  You can stop monitoring using ``CTRL-C``, this also disables the *"debug
 option"* in SearXNG's settings file and restarts the SearXNG uwsgi application.
 To debug services from filtron and morty analogous use:
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: root@searx-archlinux
      .. code:: sh
         $ ./utils/filtron.sh inspect service
         $ ./utils/morty.sh inspect service
 Another point we have to notice is that each service (:ref:`SearXNG <searx.sh>`,
 :ref:`filtron <filtron.sh>` and :ref:`morty <morty.sh>`) runs under dedicated
 system user account with the same name (compare :ref:`create searxng user`).  To
 get a shell from theses accounts, simply call one of the scripts:
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: root@searx-archlinux
      .. code:: sh
         $ ./utils/searx.sh shell
         $ ./utils/filtron.sh shell
         $ ./utils/morty.sh shell
 To get in touch, open a shell from the service user (searx@searx-archlinux):
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: desktop
      .. code:: sh
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searx-archlinux \
         ./utils/searx.sh shell
         // exit with [CTRL-D]
         (searx-pyenv) [searx@searx-archlinux ~]$ ...
 The prompt ``[searx@searx-archlinux]`` signals that you are logged in as system
 user ``searx`` in the ``searx-archlinux`` container and the python *virtualenv*
 ``(searx-pyenv)`` environment is activated.
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: searx@searx-archlinux
      .. code:: sh
         (searx-pyenv) [searx@searx-archlinux ~]$ pwd
         /usr/local/searx
 Wrap production into developer suite
 ====================================
 In this section we will see how to change the *"Fully functional SearXNG suite"*
 from a LXC container (which is quite ready for production) into a developer
 suite.  For this, we have to keep an eye on the :ref:`installation basic`:
 - SearXNG setup in: ``/etc/searxng/settings.yml``
 - SearXNG user's home: ``/usr/local/searx``
 - virtualenv in: ``/usr/local/searx/searx-pyenv``
 - SearXNG software in: ``/usr/local/searx/searx-src``
 With the use of the :ref:`searx.sh` the SearXNG service was installed as
 :ref:`uWSGI application <searxng uwsgi>`.  To maintain this service, we can use
 ``systemctl`` (compare :ref:`service architectures on distributions <uwsgi
 configuration>`).
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: desktop
      .. code:: sh
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searx-archlinux \
           systemctl stop uwsgi@searx
 With the command above, we stopped the SearXNG uWSGI-App in the archlinux
 container.
 The uWSGI-App for the archlinux dsitros is configured in
 :origin:`utils/templates/etc/uwsgi/apps-archlinux/searxng.ini`, from where at
 least you should attend the settings of ``uid``, ``chdir``, ``env`` and
 ``http``::
   env = SEARXNG_SETTINGS_PATH=/etc/searxng/settings.yml
   http = 127.0.0.1:8888
   chdir = /usr/local/searx/searx-src/searx
   virtualenv = /usr/local/searx/searx-pyenv
   pythonpath = /usr/local/searx/searx-src
 If you have read the :ref:`"Good to know section" <lxc.sh>` you remember, that
 each container shares the root folder of the repository and the command
 ``utils/lxc.sh cmd`` handles relative path names **transparent**.  To wrap the
 SearXNG installation into a developer one, we simple have to create a smylink to
 the **transparent** reposetory from the desktop.  Now lets replace the
 repository at ``searx-src`` in the container with the working tree from outside
 of the container:
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: container becomes a developer suite
      .. code:: sh
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searx-archlinux \
           mv /usr/local/searx/searx-src /usr/local/searx/searx-src.old
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searx-archlinux \
           ln -s /share/searx/ /usr/local/searx/searx-src
 Now we can develop as usual in the working tree of our desktop system.  Every
 time the software was changed, you have to restart the SearXNG service (in the
 conatiner):
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: desktop
      .. code:: sh
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searx-archlinux \
           systemctl restart uwsgi@searx
 Remember: :ref:`working in containers` .. here are just some examples from my
 daily usage:
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: desktop
      To *inspect* the SearXNG instance (already described above):
      .. code:: sh
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searx-archlinux \
           ./utils/searx.sh inspect service
      Run :ref:`makefile`, e.g. to test inside the container:
      .. code:: sh
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searx-archlinux \
           make test
      To install all prerequisites needed for a :ref:`buildhosts`:
      .. code:: sh
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searx-archlinux \
           ./utils/searx.sh install buildhost
      To build the docs on a buildhost :ref:`buildhosts`:
      .. code:: sh
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh cmd searx-archlinux \
           make docs.html
 .. _lxcdev summary:
 Summary
 =======
 We build up a fully functional SearXNG suite in a archlinux container:
 .. code:: sh
    $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh install suite searx-archlinux
 To access HTTP from the desktop we installed nginx for the services inside the
 conatiner:
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: [root@searx-archlinux]
      .. code:: sh
         $ ./utils/filtron.sh nginx install
         $ ./utils/morty.sh nginx install
 To wrap the suite into a developer one, we created a symbolic link to the
 repository which is shared **transparent** from the desktop's file system into
 the container :
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: [root@searx-archlinux]
      .. code:: sh
 	$ mv /usr/local/searx/searx-src /usr/local/searx/searx-src.old
 	$ ln -s /share/searx/ /usr/local/searx/searx-src
 	$ systemctl restart uwsgi@searx
 To get information about the searxNG suite in the archlinux container we can
 use:
 .. tabs::
   .. group-tab:: desktop
      .. code:: sh
         $ sudo -H ./utils/lxc.sh show suite searx-archlinux
         ...
         [searx-archlinux]  INFO:  (eth0) filtron:    http://10.174.184.156:4004/ http://10.174.184.156/searx
         [searx-archlinux]  INFO:  (eth0) morty:      http://10.174.184.156:3000/
         [searx-archlinux]  INFO:  (eth0) docs.live:  http://10.174.184.156:8080/
         [searx-archlinux]  INFO:  (eth0) IPv6:       http://[fd42:573b:e0b3:e97e:216:3eff:fea5:9b65]
         ...