# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
"""Implementations to make access to SQLite databases a little more convenient.
:py:obj:`SQLiteAppl`
Abstract class with which DB applications can be implemented.
:py:obj:`SQLiteProperties`:
Class to manage properties stored in a database.
----
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import sys
import re
import sqlite3
import threading
import abc
from searx import logger
logger = logger.getChild('sqlitedb')
class SQLiteAppl(abc.ABC):
"""Abstract base class for implementing convenient DB access in SQLite
applications. In the constructor, a :py:obj:`SQLiteProperties` instance is
already aggregated under ``self.properties``."""
DDL_CREATE_TABLES: dict[str, str] = {}
DB_SCHEMA: int = 1
"""As soon as changes are made to the DB schema, the version number must be
increased. Changes to the version number require the DB to be recreated (or
migrated / if an migration path exists and is implemented)."""
SQLITE_THREADING_MODE = {
0: "single-thread",
1: "multi-thread",
3: "serialized"}[sqlite3.threadsafety] # fmt:skip
"""Threading mode of the SQLite library. Depends on the options used at
compile time and is different for different distributions and architectures.
Possible values are 0:``single-thread``, 1:``multi-thread``,
3:``serialized`` (see :py:obj:`sqlite3.threadsafety`). Pre- Python 3.11
this value was hard coded to 1.
Depending on this value, optimizations are made, e.g. in “serialized” mode
it is not necessary to create a separate DB connector for each thread.
"""
SQLITE_JOURNAL_MODE = "WAL"
SQLITE_CONNECT_ARGS = {
# "timeout": 5.0,
# "detect_types": 0,
"check_same_thread": bool(SQLITE_THREADING_MODE != "serialized"),
"cached_statements": 0, # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/118172
# "uri": False,
"autocommit": False,
} # fmt:skip
"""Connection arguments (:py:obj:`sqlite3.connect`)
``check_same_thread``:
Is disabled by default when :py:obj:`SQLITE_THREADING_MODE` is
``serialized``. The check is more of a hindrance in this case because it
would prevent a DB connector from being used in multiple threads.
``autocommit``:
Is disabled by default. Note: autocommit option has been added in Python
3.12.
``cached_statements``:
Is set to ``0`` by default. Note: Python 3.12+ fetch result are not
consistent in multi-threading application and causing an API misuse error.
The multithreading use in SQLiteAppl is intended and supported if
threadsafety is set to 3 (aka "serialized"). CPython supports “serialized”
from version 3.12 on, but unfortunately only with errors:
- https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/118172
- https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/123873
The workaround for SQLite3 multithreading cache inconsistency ist to set
option ``cached_statements`` to ``0`` by default.
"""
def __init__(self, db_url):
self.db_url = db_url
self.properties = SQLiteProperties(db_url)
self.thread_local = threading.local()
self._init_done = False
self._compatibility()
def _compatibility(self):
if self.SQLITE_THREADING_MODE == "serialized":
self._DB = None
else:
msg = (
f"SQLite library is compiled with {self.SQLITE_THREADING_MODE} mode,"
" read https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html#sqlite3.threadsafety"
)
if threading.active_count() > 1:
logger.error(msg)
else:
logger.warning(msg)
if sqlite3.sqlite_version_info <= (3, 35):
# See "Generalize UPSERT:" in https://sqlite.org/releaselog/3_35_0.html
logger.critical(
"SQLite runtime library version %s is not supported (require >= 3.35)", sqlite3.sqlite_version
)
def connect(self) -> sqlite3.Connection:
"""Creates a new DB connection (:py:obj:`SQLITE_CONNECT_ARGS`). If not
already done, the DB schema is set up
"""
if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
# Prior Python 3.12 there is no "autocommit" option
self.SQLITE_CONNECT_ARGS.pop("autocommit", None)
self.init()
logger.debug("%s: connect to DB: %s // %s", self.__class__.__name__, self.db_url, self.SQLITE_CONNECT_ARGS)
conn = sqlite3.Connection(self.db_url, **self.SQLITE_CONNECT_ARGS) # type: ignore
conn.execute(f"PRAGMA journal_mode={self.SQLITE_JOURNAL_MODE}")
self.register_functions(conn)
return conn
def register_functions(self, conn):
"""Create user-defined_ SQL functions.
``REGEXP(<pattern>, <field>)`` : 0 | 1
`re.search`_ returns (int) 1 for a match and 0 for none match of
``<pattern>`` in ``<field>``.
.. code:: sql
SELECT '12' AS field WHERE REGEXP('^[0-9][0-9]$', field)
-- 12
SELECT REGEXP('[0-9][0-9]', 'X12Y')
-- 1
SELECT REGEXP('[0-9][0-9]', 'X1Y')
-- 0
.. _user-defined: https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html#sqlite3.Connection.create_function
.. _deterministic: https://sqlite.org/deterministic.html
.. _re.search: https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#re.search
"""
conn.create_function('regexp', 2, lambda x, y: 1 if re.search(x, y) else 0, deterministic=True)
@property
def DB(self) -> sqlite3.Connection:
"""Provides a DB connection. The connection is a *singleton* and
therefore well suited for read access. If
:py:obj:`SQLITE_THREADING_MODE` is ``serialized`` only one DB connection
is created for all threads.
.. note::
For dedicated `transaction control`_, it is recommended to create a
new connection (:py:obj:`SQLiteAppl.connect`).
.. _transaction control:
https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html#sqlite3-controlling-transactions
"""
if getattr(self.thread_local, 'DB', None) is None:
self.thread_local.DB = self.connect()
# Theoretically it is possible to reuse the DB cursor across threads as
# of Python 3.12, in practice the threading of the cursor seems to me to
# be so faulty that I prefer to establish one connection per thread
self.thread_local.DB.commit()
return self.thread_local.DB
# In "serialized" mode, SQLite can be safely used by multiple threads
# with no restriction.
#
# if self.SQLITE_THREADING_MODE != "serialized":
# if getattr(self.thread_local, 'DB', None) is None:
# self.thread_local.DB = self.connect()
# return self.thread_local.DB
#
# if self._DB is None:
# self._DB = self.connect() # pylint: disable=attribute-defined-outside-init
# return self._DB
def init(self):
"""Initializes the DB schema and properties, is only executed once even
if called several times."""
if self._init_done:
return
self._init_done = True
logger.debug("init DB: %s", self.db_url)
self.properties.init()
ver = self.properties("DB_SCHEMA")
if ver is None:
with self.properties.DB:
self.create_schema(self.properties.DB)
else:
ver = int(ver)
if ver != self.DB_SCHEMA:
raise sqlite3.DatabaseError("Expected DB schema v%s, DB schema is v%s" % (self.DB_SCHEMA, ver))
logger.debug("DB_SCHEMA = %s", ver)
def create_schema(self, conn):
logger.debug("create schema ..")
with conn:
for table_name, sql in self.DDL_CREATE_TABLES.items():
conn.execute(sql)
self.properties.set(f"Table {table_name} created", table_name)
self.properties.set("DB_SCHEMA", self.DB_SCHEMA)
self.properties.set("LAST_MAINTENANCE", "")
class SQLiteProperties(SQLiteAppl):
"""Simple class to manage properties of a DB application in the DB. The
object has its own DB connection and transaction area.
.. code:: sql
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS properties (
name TEXT,
value TEXT,
m_time INTEGER DEFAULT (strftime('%s', 'now')),
PRIMARY KEY (name))
"""
SQLITE_JOURNAL_MODE = "WAL"
DDL_PROPERTIES = """\
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS properties (
name TEXT,
value TEXT,
m_time INTEGER DEFAULT (strftime('%s', 'now')), -- last modified (unix epoch) time in sec.
PRIMARY KEY (name))"""
"""Table to store properties of the DB application"""
SQL_GET = "SELECT value FROM properties WHERE name = ?"
SQL_M_TIME = "SELECT m_time FROM properties WHERE name = ?"
SQL_SET = (
"INSERT INTO properties (name, value) VALUES (?, ?)"
" ON CONFLICT(name) DO UPDATE"
" SET value=excluded.value, m_time=strftime('%s', 'now')"
)
SQL_TABLE_EXISTS = (
"SELECT name FROM sqlite_master"
" WHERE type='table' AND name='properties'"
) # fmt:skip
SQLITE_CONNECT_ARGS = dict(SQLiteAppl.SQLITE_CONNECT_ARGS)
SQLITE_CONNECT_ARGS["autocommit"] = True # This option has no effect before Python 3.12
def __init__(self, db_url: str): # pylint: disable=super-init-not-called
self.db_url = db_url
self.thread_local = threading.local()
self._init_done = False
self._compatibility()
def init(self):
"""Initializes DB schema of the properties in the DB."""
if self._init_done:
return
self._init_done = True
logger.debug("init properties of DB: %s", self.db_url)
with self.DB as conn:
res = conn.execute(self.SQL_TABLE_EXISTS)
if res.fetchone() is None: # DB schema needs to be be created
self.create_schema(conn)
def __call__(self, name, default=None):
"""Returns the value of the property ``name`` or ``default`` if property
not exists in DB."""
res = self.DB.execute(self.SQL_GET, (name,)).fetchone()
if res is None:
return default
return res[0]
def set(self, name, value):
"""Set ``value`` of property ``name`` in DB. If property already
exists, update the ``m_time`` (and the value)."""
self.DB.execute(self.SQL_SET, (name, value))
if sys.version_info <= (3, 12):
# Prior Python 3.12 there is no "autocommit" option / lets commit
# explicitely.
self.DB.commit()
def row(self, name, default=None):
"""Returns the DB row of property ``name`` or ``default`` if property
not exists in DB."""
cur = self.DB.cursor()
cur.execute("SELECT * FROM properties WHERE name = ?", (name,))
res = cur.fetchone()
if res is None:
return default
col_names = [column[0] for column in cur.description]
return dict(zip(col_names, res))
def m_time(self, name, default: int = 0) -> int:
"""Last modification time of this property."""
res = self.DB.execute(self.SQL_M_TIME, (name,)).fetchone()
if res is None:
return default
return int(res[0])
def create_schema(self, conn):
with conn:
conn.execute(self.DDL_PROPERTIES)
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