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   <section id="duckduckgo-engines">
 <span id="id1"></span><h1>DuckDuckGo Engines<a class="headerlink" href="#duckduckgo-engines" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <nav class="contents local" id="contents">
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#duckduckgo-web" id="id2">DuckDuckGo WEB</a></p></li>
 <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#duckduckgo-extra-images-videos-news" id="id3">DuckDuckGo Extra (images, videos, news)</a></p></li>
 <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#duckduckgo-instant-answer-api" id="id4">DuckDuckGo Instant Answer API</a></p></li>
 <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#duckduckgo-weather" id="id5">DuckDuckGo Weather</a></p></li>
 </ul>
 </nav>
 <section id="duckduckgo-web">
 <span id="module-searx.engines.duckduckgo"></span><h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2" role="doc-backlink">DuckDuckGo WEB</a><a class="headerlink" href="#duckduckgo-web" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 </section>
 <dl class="py data">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.engines.duckduckgo.send_accept_language_header">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.engines.duckduckgo.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">send_accept_language_header</span></span><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">True</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.engines.duckduckgo.send_accept_language_header" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>DuckDuckGo-Lite tries to guess user’s preferred language from the HTTP
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Accept-Language</span></code>.  Optional the user can select a region filter (but not a
 language).</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="py function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.engines.duckduckgo.cache_vqd">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.engines.duckduckgo.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">cache_vqd</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">query</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.13)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">region</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.13)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.13)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../../../_modules/searx/engines/duckduckgo.html#cache_vqd"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.engines.duckduckgo.cache_vqd" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Caches a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vqd</span></code> value from a query.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="py function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.engines.duckduckgo.get_vqd">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.engines.duckduckgo.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_vqd</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">query</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.13)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">region</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.13)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force_request</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.13)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../../../_modules/searx/engines/duckduckgo.html#get_vqd"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.engines.duckduckgo.get_vqd" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vqd</span></code> that fits to the <em>query</em>.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
 <dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
 <li><p><strong>query</strong> – The query term</p></li>
 <li><p><strong>region</strong> – DDG’s region code</p></li>
 <li><p><strong>force_request</strong> – force a request to get a vqd value from DDG</p></li>
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 <p>TL;DR; the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vqd</span></code> value is needed to pass DDG’s bot protection and is used
 by all request to DDG:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>DuckDuckGo Lite: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">https://lite.duckduckgo.com/lite</span></code> (POST form data)</p></li>
 <li><p>DuckDuckGo Web: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">https://links.duckduckgo.com/d.js?q=...&amp;vqd=...</span></code></p></li>
 <li><p>DuckDuckGo Images: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">https://duckduckgo.com/i.js??q=...&amp;vqd=...</span></code></p></li>
 <li><p>DuckDuckGo Videos: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">https://duckduckgo.com/v.js??q=...&amp;vqd=...</span></code></p></li>
 <li><p>DuckDuckGo News: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">https://duckduckgo.com/news.js??q=...&amp;vqd=...</span></code></p></li>
 </ul>
 <p>DDG’s bot detection is sensitive to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vqd</span></code> value.  For some search terms
 (such as extremely long search terms that are often sent by bots), no <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vqd</span></code>
 value can be determined.</p>
 <p>If SearXNG cannot determine a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vqd</span></code> value, then no request should go out
 to DDG.</p>
 <div class="admonition attention">
 <p class="admonition-title">Attention</p>
 <p>A request with a wrong <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vqd</span></code> value leads to DDG temporarily putting
 SearXNG’s IP on a block list.</p>
 </div>
 <p>Requests from IPs in this block list run into timeouts.  Not sure, but it
 seems the block list is a sliding window: to get my IP rid from the bot list
 I had to cool down my IP for 1h (send no requests from that IP to DDG).</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="py function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.engines.duckduckgo.get_ddg_lang">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.engines.duckduckgo.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_ddg_lang</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">eng_traits</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../enginelib.html#searx.enginelib.traits.EngineTraits" title="searx.enginelib.traits.EngineTraits"><span class="pre">EngineTraits</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sxng_locale</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">default</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'en_US'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../../../_modules/searx/engines/duckduckgo.html#get_ddg_lang"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.engines.duckduckgo.get_ddg_lang" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Get DuckDuckGo’s language identifier from SearXNG’s locale.</p>
 <p>DuckDuckGo defines its languages by region codes (see
 <a class="reference internal" href="#searx.engines.duckduckgo.fetch_traits" title="searx.engines.duckduckgo.fetch_traits"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fetch_traits</span></code></a>).</p>
 <p>To get region and language of a DDG service use:</p>
 <p>It might confuse, but the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">l</span></code> value of the cookie is what SearXNG calls
 the <em>region</em>:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># !ddi paris :es-AR --&gt; {&#39;ad&#39;: &#39;es_AR&#39;, &#39;ah&#39;: &#39;ar-es&#39;, &#39;l&#39;: &#39;ar-es&#39;}</span>
 <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;cookies&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;ad&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">eng_lang</span>
 <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;cookies&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;ah&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">eng_region</span>
 <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;cookies&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;l&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">eng_region</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <div class="admonition hint">
 <p class="admonition-title">Hint</p>
 <p><a class="reference external" href="https://lite.duckduckgo.com/lite">DDG-lite</a> and the <em>no Javascript</em>
 page <a class="reference external" href="https://html.duckduckgo.com/html">https://html.duckduckgo.com/html</a> do not offer a language selection
 to the user, only a region can be selected by the user (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">eng_region</span></code>
 from the example above).  DDG-lite and <em>no Javascript</em> store the selected
 region in a cookie:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;cookies&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;kl&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">eng_region</span>  <span class="c1"># &#39;ar-es&#39;</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="py function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.engines.duckduckgo.is_ddg_captcha">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.engines.duckduckgo.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_ddg_captcha</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dom</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../../../_modules/searx/engines/duckduckgo.html#is_ddg_captcha"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.engines.duckduckgo.is_ddg_captcha" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>In case of CAPTCHA ddg response its own <em>not a Robot</em> dialog and is not
 redirected to a CAPTCHA page.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="py function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.engines.duckduckgo.fetch_traits">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.engines.duckduckgo.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fetch_traits</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">engine_traits</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../enginelib.html#searx.enginelib.traits.EngineTraits" title="searx.enginelib.traits.EngineTraits"><span class="pre">EngineTraits</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../../../_modules/searx/engines/duckduckgo.html#fetch_traits"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.engines.duckduckgo.fetch_traits" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Fetch languages &amp; regions from DuckDuckGo.</p>
 <p>SearXNG’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">all</span></code> locale maps DuckDuckGo’s “Alle regions” (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wt-wt</span></code>).
 DuckDuckGo’s language “Browsers preferred language” (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wt_WT</span></code>) makes no
 sense in a SearXNG request since SearXNG’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">all</span></code> will not add a
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Accept-Language</span></code> HTTP header.  The value in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">engine_traits.all_locale</span></code>
 is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wt-wt</span></code> (the region).</p>
 <p>Beside regions DuckDuckGo also defines its languages by region codes.  By
 example these are the english languages in DuckDuckGo:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>en_US</p></li>
 <li><p>en_AU</p></li>
 <li><p>en_CA</p></li>
 <li><p>en_GB</p></li>
 </ul>
 <p>The function <a class="reference internal" href="#searx.engines.duckduckgo.get_ddg_lang" title="searx.engines.duckduckgo.get_ddg_lang"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_ddg_lang</span></code></a> evaluates DuckDuckGo’s language from
 SearXNG’s locale.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <section id="duckduckgo-extra-images-videos-news">
 <span id="module-searx.engines.duckduckgo_extra"></span><h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3" role="doc-backlink">DuckDuckGo Extra (images, videos, news)</a><a class="headerlink" href="#duckduckgo-extra-images-videos-news" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 </section>
 <dl class="py data">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.engines.duckduckgo_extra.ddg_category">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.engines.duckduckgo_extra.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ddg_category</span></span><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">'images'</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.engines.duckduckgo_extra.ddg_category" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>The category must be any of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">images</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">videos</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">news</span></code></p>
 </dd></dl>
 <section id="duckduckgo-instant-answer-api">
 <span id="module-searx.engines.duckduckgo_definitions"></span><h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4" role="doc-backlink">DuckDuckGo Instant Answer API</a><a class="headerlink" href="#duckduckgo-instant-answer-api" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>The <a class="reference external" href="https://duckduckgo.com/api">DDG-API</a> is no longer documented but from
 reverse engineering we can see that some services (e.g. instant answers) still
 in use from the DDG search engine.</p>
 <p>As far we can say the <em>instant answers</em> API does not support languages, or at
 least we could not find out how language support should work.  It seems that
 most of the features are based on English terms.</p>
 </section>
 <dl class="py function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.engines.duckduckgo_definitions.is_broken_text">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.engines.duckduckgo_definitions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_broken_text</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">text</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../../../_modules/searx/engines/duckduckgo_definitions.html#is_broken_text"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.engines.duckduckgo_definitions.is_broken_text" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>duckduckgo may return something like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;a</span> <span class="pre">href=&quot;xxxx&quot;&gt;http://somewhere</span> <span class="pre">Related</span> <span class="pre">website&lt;a/&gt;</span></code></p>
 <p>The href URL is broken, the “Related website” may contains some HTML.</p>
 <p>The best solution seems to ignore these results.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 <dl class="py function">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.engines.duckduckgo_definitions.area_to_str">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.engines.duckduckgo_definitions.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">area_to_str</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">area</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../../../_modules/searx/engines/duckduckgo_definitions.html#area_to_str"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.engines.duckduckgo_definitions.area_to_str" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>parse <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{'unit':</span> <span class="pre">'https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q712226',</span> <span class="pre">'amount':</span> <span class="pre">'+20.99'}</span></code></p>
 </dd></dl>
 <section id="duckduckgo-weather">
 <span id="module-searx.engines.duckduckgo_weather"></span><h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5" role="doc-backlink">DuckDuckGo Weather</a><a class="headerlink" href="#duckduckgo-weather" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 </section>
 </section>
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 <h3><a href="../../../index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
 <ul class="current">
 <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../user/index.html">User information</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../own-instance.html">Why use a private instance?</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../admin/index.html">Administrator documentation</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../../index.html">Developer documentation</a><ul class="current">
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../quickstart.html">Development Quickstart</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../rtm_asdf.html">Runtime Management</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../contribution_guide.html">How to contribute</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../extended_types.html">Extended Types</a></li>
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