r/sorting_algo.py

def quicksort(arr):
    """Recursively sorts an array using the Quicksort algorithm."""
    if len(arr) <= 1:
        return arr
    pivot = arr[len(arr) // 2]
    left = [x for x in arr if x < pivot]
    middle = [x for x in arr if x == pivot]
    right = [x for x in arr if x > pivot]
    return quicksort(left) + middle + quicksort(right)


def quicksort_inplace(arr, low=0, high=None):
    """In-place Quicksort implementation for efficiency."""
    if high is None:
        high = len(arr) - 1
    if low < high:
        pivot_index = partition(arr, low, high)
        quicksort_inplace(arr, low, pivot_index - 1)
        quicksort_inplace(arr, pivot_index + 1, high)


def partition(arr, low, high):
    pivot = arr[high]
    i = low
    for j in range(low, high):
        if arr[j] <= pivot:
            arr[i], arr[j] = arr[j], arr[i]
            i += 1
    arr[i], arr[high] = arr[high], arr[i]
    return i