nano/functions.nano at master

 print("=== Functions Demo ===");
 print("");
 print("--- Methods in Classes ---");
 class Calculator {
     Calculator(this) {
     }
     add(this, a, b) {
         return a + b;
     }
     subtract(this, a, b) {
         return a - b;
     }
     multiply(this, a, b) {
         return a * b;
     }
     divide(this, a, b) {
         if (b == 0) {
             return 0;
         }
         return a / b;
     }
 }
 calc = new Calculator();
 print("add(5, 3) =", calc.add(5, 3));
 print("subtract(10, 4) =", calc.subtract(10, 4));
 print("multiply(6, 7) =", calc.multiply(6, 7));
 print("divide(20, 4) =", calc.divide(20, 4));
 print("");
 print("--- Required Parameters ---");
 class Greeter {
     Greeter(this) {
     }
     greet(this, name) {
         print("Hello,", name + "!");
     }
 }
 greeter = new Greeter();
 greeter.greet("Alice");
 greeter.greet("Bob");
 print("");
 print("--- Optional Parameters with Defaults ---");
 class ConfigurableGreeter {
     ConfigurableGreeter(this) {
     }
     greet(this, name, greeting = "Hello", punctuation = "!") {
         print(greeting + ",", name + punctuation);
     }
 }
 cg = new ConfigurableGreeter();
 cg.greet("Alice");
 cg.greet("Bob", "Hi");
 cg.greet("Charlie", "Hey", "?");
 print("");
 print("--- Null Default Values ---");
 class Formatter {
     Formatter(this) {
     }
     format(this, value, prefix = null, suffix = null) {
         result = "";
         if (prefix) {
             result += prefix;
         }
         result += str(value);
         if (suffix) {
             result += suffix;
         }
         return result;
     }
 }
 fmt = new Formatter();
 print("No prefix/suffix:", fmt.format(42));
 print("With prefix:", fmt.format(42, "$"));
 print("With both:", fmt.format(42, "$", ".00"));
 print("");
 print("--- Variable Arguments (*args) ---");
 class VarArgs {
     VarArgs(this) {
     }
     printAll(this, *args) {
         print("Received", len(args), "arguments:");
         for (i = 0; i < len(args); i++) {
             print("  arg[" + str(i) + "] =", args[i]);
         }
     }
     sum(this, *numbers) {
         total = 0;
         for (i = 0; i < len(numbers); i++) {
             total += numbers[i];
         }
         return total;
     }
     first(this, required, *rest) {
         print("Required:", required);
         print("Rest:", len(rest), "items");
     }
 }
 va = new VarArgs();
 va.printAll(1, 2, 3);
 va.printAll("a", "b", "c", "d", "e");
 print("sum(1,2,3,4,5) =", va.sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
 va.first("mandatory", "extra1", "extra2");
 print("");
 print("--- Keyword Arguments (**kwargs) ---");
 class KwArgs {
     KwArgs(this) {
     }
     configure(this, **options) {
         print("Configuration options:");
         print("  (kwargs captured as dict)");
     }
 }
 kw = new KwArgs();
 kw.configure();
 print("");
 print("--- Return Values ---");
 class Math {
     Math(this) {
     }
     square(this, n) {
         return n * n;
     }
     factorial(this, n) {
         if (n <= 1) {
             return 1;
         }
         return n * this.factorial(n - 1);
     }
     abs(this, n) {
         if (n < 0) {
             return 0 - n;
         }
         return n;
     }
     max(this, a, b) {
         if (a > b) {
             return a;
         }
         return b;
     }
     min(this, a, b) {
         if (a < b) {
             return a;
         }
         return b;
     }
 }
 math = new Math();
 print("square(7) =", math.square(7));
 print("factorial(5) =", math.factorial(5));
 print("abs(-42) =", math.abs(-42));
 print("max(10, 20) =", math.max(10, 20));
 print("min(10, 20) =", math.min(10, 20));
 print("");
 print("--- Recursion ---");
 class Recursive {
     Recursive(this) {
     }
     fibonacci(this, n) {
         if (n <= 1) {
             return n;
         }
         return this.fibonacci(n - 1) + this.fibonacci(n - 2);
     }
     gcd(this, a, b) {
         if (b == 0) {
             return a;
         }
         return this.gcd(b, a % b);
     }
     power(this, base, exp) {
         if (exp == 0) {
             return 1;
         }
         return base * this.power(base, exp - 1);
     }
 }
 rec = new Recursive();
 print("fibonacci(10) =", rec.fibonacci(10));
 print("gcd(48, 18) =", rec.gcd(48, 18));
 print("power(2, 8) =", rec.power(2, 8));
 print("");
 print("--- Method Chaining ---");
 class StringBuilder {
     buffer = "";
     StringBuilder(this) {
     }
     append(this, text) {
         this.buffer += text;
         return this;
     }
     appendLine(this, text) {
         this.buffer += text + "\n";
         return this;
     }
     toString(this) {
         return this.buffer;
     }
     clear(this) {
         this.buffer = "";
         return this;
     }
 }
 sb = new StringBuilder();
 sb.append("Hello").append(" ").append("World").append("!");
 print("Result:", sb.toString());
 sb.clear();
 sb.appendLine("Line 1").appendLine("Line 2").append("Line 3");
 print("Multi-line:");
 print(sb.toString());