gists/shortcuts.py

                      
"""
vim_terminal_trainer.py – *v2*
================================
**New feature:** you no longer have to press **Return** when you know the
command.  As soon as the characters you type exactly match a valid answer, the
trainer auto‑advances to the next question.  This is now implemented with the
standard‑library **curses** module, so it should run on any Unix‑like terminal
(macOS, Linux, WSL, etc.).

Key changes
-----------
* Real‑time character capture with `curses` – no blocking `input()` inside the
  quiz loop.
* Timer bar counts down in the top‑right corner.
* Still stores a persistent high‑score in `~/.vim_terminal_trainer/score.json`.
* Backspace works while answering.

Run it like before:

```bash
chmod +x vim_terminal_trainer.py
./vim_terminal_trainer.py
```
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import curses
import json
import os
import random
import textwrap
import time
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict, List, Tuple

                                                                               

DEFAULT_QUESTIONS: List[Dict[str, object]] = [
    {"task": "Delete (cut) the current line in Vim", "answers": ["dd"]},
    {"task": "Save file and quit Vim (one command)", "answers": [":wq", ":x"]},
    {"task": "Quit Vim **without** saving", "answers": [":q!", "ZQ"]},
    {"task": "Yank (copy) three lines including the current", "answers": ["3yy"]},
    {"task": "Paste yanked text **below** current line", "answers": ["p"]},
    {"task": "Move to first non-blank character of the line", "answers": ["^"]},
    {"task": "Jump to end of file", "answers": ["G"]},
    {
        "task": "List *all* files, including hidden, one entry per line",
        "answers": ["ls -a1", "ls -a -1"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Recursively search for the string ‘TODO’ in *.py files (GNU grep)",
        "answers": [
            "grep -R --include='*.py' 'TODO' .",
            "grep -R --include=*.py TODO .",
        ],
    },
    {
        "task": "Show the last 20 lines of the file `log.txt` *as they grow*",
        "answers": ["tail -f -n 20 log.txt", "tail -20f log.txt"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Change word under cursor to UPPERCASE in Vim (normal‑mode, 1 cmd)",
        "answers": ["gUiw"],
    },
    {"task": "Switch to the previous buffer in Vim", "answers": [":b#", "<C-^>", "^"]},

    {
        "task": "Undo the last change in Vim (normal-mode, one command)",
        "answers": ["u"],
    },
    {"task": "Redo the last undone change in Vim", "answers": ["<C-r>"]},
    {"task": "Delete (cut) from cursor to end of line in Vim", "answers": ["D"]},
    {
        "task": "Select the entire file in Vim (visual mode, 1 keystroke)",
        "answers": ["ggVG"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Search forward for the exact word UNDER the cursor in Vim",
        "answers": ["*"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Replace all occurrences of “foo” with “bar” in the whole file (Vim, one ex command)",
        "answers": [":%s/foo/bar/g"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Split the current Vim window horizontally",
        "answers": [":split", ":sp"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Delete the word under cursor without yanking in Vim",
        "answers": ['"_dw'],
    },
    {
        "task": "Open a file named README.md in a new tab from inside Vim",
        "answers": [":tabe README.md", ":tabedit README.md"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Show numbered lines in Vim (toggle on)",
        "answers": [":set number", ":set nu"],
    },
    {"task": "Move to beginning of file in less(1)", "answers": ["g"]},
    {"task": "Jump to the bottom of file in less(1)", "answers": ["G"]},
    {
        "task": "Change directory to the previous directory (bash/zsh built-in)",
        "answers": ["cd -"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Recursively remove an empty directory tree named build using one POSIX command",
        "answers": ["rmdir -p build"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Copy the directory src recursively to dst preserving attributes (GNU cp)",
        "answers": ["cp -a src dst", "cp -R --preserve=all src dst"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Count the number of lines in all *.py files in the current directory (bash, one pipeline)",
        "answers": ["wc -l *.py", "cat *.py | wc -l"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Find files larger than 10 MiB anywhere under the current directory (GNU find)",
        "answers": ["find . -type f -size +10M"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Archive the directory project into a compressed tarball project.tar.gz",
        "answers": [
            "tar czf project.tar.gz project",
            "tar -czf project.tar.gz project",
        ],
    },
    {
        "task": "Extract project.tar.gz into the current directory (tar autodetect)",
        "answers": ["tar xf project.tar.gz"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Show the five most recently modified files in the current dir (GNU ls)",
        "answers": ["ls -1t | head -n 5", "ls -t | head -5"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Print the third column of a CSV file data.csv (awk)",
        "answers": ["awk -F, '{print $3}' data.csv"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Remove carriage-return characters from file win.txt in-place (sed, GNU)",
        "answers": ["sed -i 's/\\r$//' win.txt"],
    },
    {
        "task": "List running processes whose command contains “python” (POSIX)",
        "answers": ["ps aux | grep python | grep -v grep", "pgrep -af python"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Show only the IPv4 addresses on all interfaces (iproute2)",
        "answers": ["ip -4 addr show | grep -oP '(?<=inet\\s)\\d+(\\.\\d+){3}'"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Create an empty file called temp.txt or update its mtime if it exists (shell)",
        "answers": ["touch temp.txt"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Stage **all** changes (new, modified, deleted) in Git",
        "answers": ["git add -A", "git add ."],
    },
    {
        "task": "Amend the most recent Git commit message without changing its contents",
        "answers": ["git commit --amend --no-edit"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Show a concise, one-line-per-commit log with graph and decorations (Git)",
        "answers": ["git log --oneline --graph --decorate"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Create and switch to a new branch named feature/api (Git)",
        "answers": ["git checkout -b feature/api", "git switch -c feature/api"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Delete a local branch named hotfix quickly (Git)",
        "answers": ["git branch -d hotfix", "git branch -D hotfix"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Temporarily stash uncommitted changes, including untracked files (Git)",
        "answers": ["git stash -u", "git stash --include-untracked"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Pull the current branch and rebase instead of merge (Git)",
        "answers": ["git pull --rebase"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Show the diff of what is **staged** vs HEAD in Git",
        "answers": ["git diff --cached", "git diff --staged"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Reset the current branch to the previous commit, keeping changes unstaged (Git)",
        "answers": ["git reset --soft HEAD~1"],
    },
    {
        "task": "List Docker containers that are currently running",
        "answers": ["docker ps"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Remove all stopped Docker containers in one command",
        "answers": ["docker container prune -f", "docker rm $(docker ps -aq)"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Display real-time memory usage every 2 s in human-readable units (GNU watch / free)",
        "answers": ["watch -n2 free -h"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Run a Python one-liner that starts an HTTP server on port 8000",
        "answers": ["python -m http.server 8000", "python3 -m http.server"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Show the environment variable PATH in zsh/bash",
        "answers": ["echo $PATH", "printf '%s\\n' \"$PATH\""],
    },
    {
        "task": "Replace the first occurrence of word “foo” with “bar” on the **current** line in Vim (normal mode)",
        "answers": [":s/foo/bar/", "ciwbar<Esc>"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Transpose two characters around the cursor in Vim",
        "answers": ["xp"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Increment the number under the cursor by 1 in Vim",
        "answers": ["<C-a>"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Decrease the number under the cursor by 1 in Vim",
        "answers": ["<C-x>"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Open the man page for grep using a single terminal command",
        "answers": ["man grep"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Download a file silently via HTTP to out.bin using curl",
        "answers": [
            "curl -s -o out.bin http://example.com/file",
            "curl -so out.bin http://example.com/file",
        ],
    },
    {
        "task": "Generate an SSH key pair using Ed25519 algorithm with default filename",
        "answers": ["ssh-keygen -t ed25519"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Show disk usage of each directory in the current path, depth=1 (GNU du)",
        "answers": ["du -h --max-depth=1", "du -h --summarize */"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Kill the process listening on TCP port 3000 (Linux, lsof + awk + kill)",
        "answers": ["kill -9 $(lsof -t -i:3000)", "fuser -k 3000/tcp"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Print lines 10 through 20 of file notes.txt (sed)",
        "answers": ["sed -n '10,20p' notes.txt"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Show only unique lines of file list.txt preserving order (GNU awk)",
        "answers": ["awk '!seen[$0]++' list.txt"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Create a symbolic link named latest pointing to build-2025-06-07",
        "answers": ["ln -s build-2025-06-07 latest"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Generate a SHA-256 checksum of file iso.img (GNU coreutils)",
        "answers": ["sha256sum iso.img"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Display the calendar for June 2025 (util-linux cal)",
        "answers": ["cal 6 2025"],
    },
    {"task": "Move cursor to line 42 in Vim", "answers": [":42", "42G"]},
    {"task": "Repeat last command-line in Vim", "answers": [":@:", "<C-p>"]},
    {"task": "Join next line with current in Vim (normal mode)", "answers": ["J"]},
    {"task": "Toggle case of character under cursor in Vim", "answers": ["~"]},
    {"task": "Enter insert mode after current character in Vim", "answers": ["a"]},
    {"task": "Delete 5 lines starting from current in Vim", "answers": ["5dd"]},
    {"task": "Search backward for word in Vim", "answers": ["#"]},
    {"task": "Replace current character in Vim (normal mode)", "answers": ["r"]},
    {"task": "Go to next tab in Vim", "answers": [":tabn", "gt"]},
    {"task": "Split Vim window vertically", "answers": [":vsplit", ":vs"]},
    {"task": "List all buffers in Vim", "answers": [":ls", ":buffers"]},
    {"task": "Save file without quitting in Vim", "answers": [":w"]},
    {"task": "Move to next word in Vim", "answers": ["w"]},
    {"task": "Move to previous word in Vim", "answers": ["b"]},
    {"task": "Delete until end of word in Vim", "answers": ["dw"]},
    {"task": "Yank current line in Vim", "answers": ["yy"]},
    {"task": "Paste yanked text above current line in Vim", "answers": ["P"]},
    {"task": "Indent current line in Vim (normal mode)", "answers": [">>"]},
    {"task": "Unindent current line in Vim (normal mode)", "answers": ["<<"]},
    {"task": "Go to first line in Vim", "answers": ["gg", ":1"]},
    {
        "task": "Show file permissions in current directory (ls)",
        "answers": ["ls -l"],
    },
    {"task": "Create directory named docs (mkdir)", "answers": ["mkdir docs"]},
    {"task": "Remove file temp.txt (rm)", "answers": ["rm temp.txt"]},
    {"task": "List files sorted by size (GNU ls)", "answers": ["ls -lS"]},
    {"task": "Show current working directory (bash)", "answers": ["pwd"]},
    {"task": "Copy file a.txt to b.txt (cp)", "answers": ["cp a.txt b.txt"]},
    {"task": "Move file a.txt to dir/ (mv)", "answers": ["mv a.txt dir/"]},
    {
        "task": "Show first 10 lines of file.txt (head)",
        "answers": ["head file.txt"],
    },
    {"task": "Count words in file.txt (wc)", "answers": ["wc -w file.txt"]},
    {"task": "Sort lines of file.txt (sort)", "answers": ["sort file.txt"]},
    {
        "task": "Find files modified in last 7 days (GNU find)",
        "answers": ["find . -type f -mtime -7"],
    },
    {"task": "List all running processes (POSIX ps)", "answers": ["ps aux"]},
    {"task": "Kill process by PID 1234 (kill)", "answers": ["kill 1234"]},
    {"task": "Show disk usage of current directory (du)", "answers": ["du -sh ."]},
    {
        "task": "Compress file.txt to file.txt.gz (gzip)",
        "answers": ["gzip file.txt"],
    },
    {"task": "Decompress file.txt.gz (gunzip)", "answers": ["gunzip file.txt.gz"]},
    {"task": "Show current user (whoami)", "answers": ["whoami"]},
    {
        "task": "Change file permissions to 644 (chmod)",
        "answers": ["chmod 644 file.txt"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Change file owner to user (chown)",
        "answers": ["chown user file.txt"],
    },
    {"task": "Show system uptime (uptime)", "answers": ["uptime"]},
    {"task": "Create empty git repository (git)", "answers": ["git init"]},
    {"task": "Show git branch status (git)", "answers": ["git status"]},
    {
        "task": "Commit staged changes with message (git)",
        "answers": ["git commit -m 'message'"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Push current branch to origin (git)",
        "answers": ["git push origin HEAD"],
    },
    {"task": "Pull current branch from origin (git)", "answers": ["git pull"]},
    {"task": "Show git branches (git)", "answers": ["git branch"]},
    {
        "task": "Switch to branch main (git)",
        "answers": ["git checkout main", "git switch main"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Merge branch feature into current (git)",
        "answers": ["git merge feature"],
    },
    {"task": "Show git diff of unstaged changes (git)", "answers": ["git diff"]},
    {"task": "List all Docker images", "answers": ["docker images"]},
    {
        "task": "Stop Docker container by ID (docker)",
        "answers": ["docker stop <container_id>"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Run container from image nginx (docker)",
        "answers": ["docker run nginx"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Show Docker container logs (docker)",
        "answers": ["docker logs <container_id>"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Remove Docker image by ID (docker)",
        "answers": ["docker rmi <image_id>"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Search for pattern in files recursively (grep)",
        "answers": ["grep -r 'pattern' ."],
    },
    {
        "task": "Show line numbers in grep output",
        "answers": ["grep -n 'pattern' file.txt"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Print first column of file.txt (awk)",
        "answers": ["awk '{print $1}' file.txt"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Replace tabs with spaces in file.txt (sed)",
        "answers": ["sed 's/\t/  /g' file.txt"],
    },
    {"task": "Show current shell (bash/zsh)", "answers": ["echo $SHELL"]},
    {
        "task": "Set environment variable FOO=bar (bash)",
        "answers": ["export FOO=bar"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Append text to file.txt (bash)",
        "answers": ["echo 'text' >> file.txt"],
    },
    {"task": "Show file type of file.txt (file)", "answers": ["file file.txt"]},
    {"task": "List network interfaces (ip)", "answers": ["ip link show"]},
    {"task": "Ping host 8.8.8.8 4 times (ping)", "answers": ["ping -c 4 8.8.8.8"]},
    {"task": "Show open ports (netstat)", "answers": ["netstat -tuln"]},
    {
        "task": "Download file with wget (wget)",
        "answers": ["wget http://example.com/file"],
    },
    {"task": "Extract tar file.tar (tar)", "answers": ["tar xf file.tar"]},
    {"task": "Show calendar for 2025 (cal)", "answers": ["cal 2025"]},
    {"task": "Show current date and time (date)", "answers": ["date"]},
    {
        "task": "List cron jobs for current user (crontab)",
        "answers": ["crontab -l"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Copy text to clipboard (xclip)",
        "answers": ["echo 'text' | xclip -sel clip"],
    },
    {"task": "Show CPU info (lscpu)", "answers": ["lscpu"]},
    {"task": "Monitor system processes in real-time (top)", "answers": ["top"]},
    {"task": "Show memory usage (free)", "answers": ["free -h"]},
    {
        "task": "List all installed packages (apt)",
        "answers": ["apt list --installed"],
    },
    {"task": "Update package lists (apt)", "answers": ["sudo apt update"]},
    {"task": "Install package vim (apt)", "answers": ["sudo apt install vim"]},
    {"task": "Search for package vim (apt)", "answers": ["apt search vim"]},
    {"task": "Show manual for ls (man)", "answers": ["man ls"]},
    {"task": "Check disk space (df)", "answers": ["df -h"]},
    {
        "task": "Create zip archive of dir (zip)",
        "answers": ["zip -r archive.zip dir"],
    },
    {"task": "Extract zip archive (unzip)", "answers": ["unzip archive.zip"]},
    {
        "task": "Show last 50 lines of file.txt (tail)",
        "answers": ["tail -n 50 file.txt"],
    },
    {
        "task": "List files modified today (find)",
        "answers": ["find . -type f -mtime 0"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Count files in current directory (find)",
        "answers": ["find . -type f | wc -l"],
    },
    {"task": "Show git remote repositories (git)", "answers": ["git remote -v"]},
    {
        "task": "Fetch all branches from origin (git)",
        "answers": ["git fetch origin"],
    },
    {"task": "Show git commit history (git)", "answers": ["git log"]},
    {
        "task": "Revert last commit, keeping changes (git)",
        "answers": ["git revert HEAD"],
    },
    {
        "task": "Show staged files in git (git)",
        "answers": ["git diff --name-only --cached"],
    },

]
random.shuffle(DEFAULT_QUESTIONS)
TIME_LIMIT_SEC = 15
DATA_DIR = Path.home() / ".vim_terminal_trainer"
SCORE_FILE = DATA_DIR / "score.json"

                                                                               


def load_score() -> Dict[str, int]:
    if not SCORE_FILE.exists():
        return {"high_score": 0, "games_played": 0}
    try:
        with SCORE_FILE.open("r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            d = json.load(f)
            return {
                "high_score": int(d.get("high_score", 0)),
                "games_played": int(d.get("games_played", 0)),
            }
    except Exception:
        return {"high_score": 0, "games_played": 0}


def save_score(high: int, played: int) -> None:
    DATA_DIR.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
    with SCORE_FILE.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        json.dump({"high_score": high, "games_played": played}, f)


                                                                               


def draw_centered(
    stdscr: "curses._CursesWindow", y: int, text: str, bold: bool = False
) -> None:
    h, w = stdscr.getmaxyx()
    x = max(0, (w - len(text)) // 2)
    if bold:
        stdscr.addstr(y, x, text, curses.A_BOLD)
    else:
        stdscr.addstr(y, x, text)


def render_timer(stdscr: "curses._CursesWindow", remaining: float) -> None:
    bar_len = 20
    filled = int(bar_len * remaining / TIME_LIMIT_SEC)
    bar = "█" * filled + " " * (bar_len - filled)
    stdscr.addstr(0, 0, f"⏰[{bar}] {remaining:4.1f}s")


                                                                               
def sanitize_question(q):
    """Return a dict with keys 'task' and 'answers' no matter what comes in."""
    if isinstance(q, dict):
        return q
    if isinstance(q, list):
        task, *rest = q
        answers = rest if rest else []
        return {"task": str(task), "answers": [str(a) for a in answers]}
    return {"task": str(q), "answers": []}


def ask_question_curses(
    stdscr: "curses._CursesWindow",
    q: Dict[str, object],
    idx: int,
    total: int,
) -> bool:
    q = sanitize_question(q)                           
    stdscr.clear()
    h, w = stdscr.getmaxyx()

            
    header = f"Question {idx}/{total} – Type the command:"
    draw_centered(stdscr, 2, header, bold=True)

                         
    wrapped = textwrap.fill(q["task"], width=min(70, w - 4))
    for i, line in enumerate(wrapped.splitlines(), start=4):
        draw_centered(stdscr, i, line)

                       
    input_y = 6 + wrapped.count("\n")
    stdscr.addstr(input_y, 2, "› ")
    stdscr.refresh()

    buffer = ""
    valid = [" ".join(a.split()) for a in q["answers"]]
    longest = max(len(a) for a in valid)

    start = time.monotonic()
    curses.curs_set(1)
    while True:
        remaining = TIME_LIMIT_SEC - (time.monotonic() - start)
        render_timer(stdscr, max(0, remaining))
        stdscr.addstr(input_y, 4, buffer + " " * (longest - len(buffer)))
        stdscr.move(input_y, 4 + len(buffer))
        stdscr.refresh()

        if remaining <= 0:
            return False

                                           
        stdscr.timeout(100)
        ch = stdscr.getch()
        if ch == -1:
            continue                   
        if ch in (curses.KEY_BACKSPACE, 127, 8):
            buffer = buffer[:-1]
            continue
        if ch in (10, 13):
                                                              
            break
        if 0 <= ch <= 255:
            buffer += chr(ch)

                    
        norm = " ".join(buffer.split())
        if norm in valid:
                            
            curses.curs_set(0)
            stdscr.addstr(input_y + 1, 4, "✅ Correct!", curses.A_BOLD)
            stdscr.refresh()
            time.sleep(0.4)
            return True
                                               
        if len(buffer) > longest + 5:
            buffer = buffer[-(longest + 5) :]

                                           
    norm = " ".join(buffer.split())
    return norm in valid


                                                                               


def play_game(stdscr: "curses._CursesWindow", pool: List[Dict[str, object]]) -> None:
    score_data = load_score()
    curses.curs_set(0)

                                                                                  
    curses.endwin()
    try:
        q_default = 10 if len(pool) >= 10 else len(pool)
        num_q = int(input(f"How many questions? [{q_default}]: ") or q_default)
    except ValueError:
        num_q = q_default
    num_q = max(1, min(num_q, len(pool)))

                      
    stdscr = curses.initscr()
    curses.noecho()
    curses.cbreak()
    stdscr.keypad(True)

    questions = random.sample(pool, k=num_q)
    correct = 0

    for idx, q in enumerate(questions, 1):
        if ask_question_curses(stdscr, q, idx, num_q):
            correct += 1

                  
    stdscr.clear()
    result_text = f"You scored {correct}/{num_q}!"
    draw_centered(stdscr, 3, result_text, bold=True)

    if correct > score_data["high_score"]:
        draw_centered(stdscr, 5, "🎉 NEW PERSONAL BEST! 🏆", bold=True)
        score_data["high_score"] = correct
    score_data["games_played"] += 1
    save_score(score_data["high_score"], score_data["games_played"])

    draw_centered(
        stdscr,
        7,
        f"High‑score: {score_data['high_score']} | Games played: {score_data['games_played']}",
    )
    draw_centered(stdscr, 9, "Press any key to return to menu…")
    stdscr.refresh()
    stdscr.getch()


                                                                               


def main_menu() -> None:
    pool = DEFAULT_QUESTIONS.copy()

    while True:
        os.system("clear")
        print("=" * 60)
        print(" VIM / TERMINAL TRAINER ".center(60))
        print("=" * 60)
        sc = load_score()
        print(
            f"High‑score: {sc['high_score']}   –   Games played: {sc['games_played']}\n"
        )
        print("1) Play")
        print("2) List questions")
        print("3) Add question")
        print("4) Reset high‑score")
        print("5) Quit")
        choice = input("\nSelect: ").strip()
        if choice == "1":
            curses.wrapper(play_game, pool)
        elif choice == "2":
            for i, q in enumerate(pool, 1):
                print(f"{i:>3}. {q['task']}")
                print("     → " + ", ".join(q["answers"]))
            input("\nEnter to continue …")
        elif choice == "3":
            task = input("Task description (blank to cancel): ").strip()
            if not task:
                continue
            answers = [
                a.strip()
                for a in input("Accepted answers (comma‑sep): ").split(",")
                if a.strip()
            ]
            if answers:
                pool.append({"task": task, "answers": answers})
        elif choice == "4":
            if input("Really reset scores? [y/N]: ").lower() == "y":
                save_score(0, 0)
        elif choice == "5":
            break


if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        main_menu()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("\nGoodbye!")